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GA/Computer/Marketingstrategy booklist for approaching General Awareness, Computer, Marketing, Current Affairs in SBI PO 2013, includes free material as well!
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India Yearbookhow to efficiently utilize INDIA Yearbook for UPSC prelims, mains, interview= explained in this 6 part series article.
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Art of Aptitude?3 Cardinal Rules on How to approach Aptitude section in any competitive exam.
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Essay Tips How *not* to write an Essay in UPSC Mains exam, explained here
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CSAT'12Analysis of the GS-Prelims paper and how it broke the backs of Coaching classes.
GSM-12Analysis of the General Studies (Mains) Paper I and II of 2012 and how they (again) broke the backs of Coaching classes.
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ArchiveMonthly Archive Index page of everything I've published so far. (In the old articles, ignore advice written before Jan 2012, because UPSC trend has changed a lot.)
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[Science] Bio Fertilizers & Green Manure: Meaning, use, advantages, disadvantages
For GS (Mains) Paper II.
- Biofertilizers
- Examples of BioFertilizers:
- Pros and Cons
- Green Manure
- Examples of Green Manure
- Pros and Cons of Green Manure?
- Advantages
- Disadvantage
Biofertilizers
- a substance which contains living microorganisms
- when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, it promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients (nitrogen, Phosphorous etc.) to the host plant.
Examples of BioFertilizers:
- Rhizobium,
- Azotobacter,
- blue green algae (BGA)
- Azospirillum
Pros and Cons
| Advantages |
Disadvantages |
- It increases crop yield by 20-30%,
- replaces chemical nitrogen and phosphorus by 25%, and stimulates plant growth.
- It can also provide protection against drought and some soil-borne diseases.
- Bio-fertilizers are cost-effective relative to chemical fertilizers. They have lower manufacturing costs, especially regarding nitrogen and phosphorus use.
- environmentally friendly also helps to some extent cleanse the plant from precipitated chemical fertilizers.
|
- Their effects are is slower compared to chemical fertilizer.
- Difficulty to store: they’re sensitive to temperature and humidity changes.
- much lower nutrient density — requires large amounts to get enough for most crops
- requires a different type of machine to apply than chemical fertilizers
- sometimes hard to locate/purchase in faraway rural areas
|
Green Manure
- green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
- Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period of time, and then ploughed under and incorporated into the soil while it is green or shortly after flowering.
- Government of India provides subsidy Subsidy on the purchased of seeds & cost on production of seeds for green manure plants.
Examples of Green Manure plants
|
Leguminous plants |
Non-leguminous plants |
| Example |
Cowpeas, soybeans |
sudangrass, millet, sorghum, and buckwheat. |
| Why are they used? |
for their nitrogen fixing abilities |
for weed suppression and addition of biomass to the soil. |
Pros and Cons of Green Manure?
Advantages
- soil improvement and soil protection.
- provides forage for pollinating insects.
- Root systems of many green manure crops to efficiently penetrate compact soils thus increasing the aeration of the soil.
- The deep rooting properties of many green manure crops make them efficient at suppressing weeds
- They fix nitrogen in soil, thus Less chemical fertilizers are required.
- provide habitat for predatory beneficial insects, they kill and eat the pests / harmful insects thus less pesticides are required.
Disadvantage
- Leguminous plants require good amount of irrigation.
- The “time” factor: you cannot plant the primary marketable crop during green manuring phase.
Previous Posts- [Public Health] Current Affairs 2012-13: Government schemes, Policies, Yearbook stuff (Part 1 of 3)
- [Public Health] Current Affairs 2012-13: Diseases, Drugs and Research (Part 2 of 3)
- [Public Health] Current Affairs 2012-13: Mock Questions (Part 3 of 3)
- [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT
- [Policy] Science Technology & Innovation (STI) Policy 2013: Salient features, highlights, criticism
- [Defense] Current Affairs compilation 2012-13: missiles, joint exercises, operations, organizations
- [Hindu Sci-Tech] Public Health, EnB related: Virtopsy, Vomitting Larry, Hydrogel, Mauritia (Jan Feb 2013)
- [Hindu Sci-Tech] Space, IT related: KSLV, Luna Glob, Black Beauty, COMET, SKA, SAGA-220 (Jan, Feb 2013)
- [Science] TheHindu Dec12: Asteroid Mining, GRAIL, MoonKAMs, Liquiglide, Oraquick and more Science-Tech for UPSC CSAT
- [Science] No Touch Breastscan, Chemin, TLS, CFL vs Tubelight choke etc from The Hindu S&T, Nov 2012
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Source = Kurukshetra??
wikipedia.
thanks mruna sir..keep this up good work…
This site rocks!!!
I’m lovin it<3
please provide some more detail in some easy way to understand green manure.
sir! what is difference between bio-fertilizer & green manure ? plz explain.
in Bio fertilizers u deal with micro organisms and in green manure with crops whom u grow to use them lter toadd to soil fertility
thank you sir.
great work
its really superb site. mrunal sir u r really doing a wonderful job.its great. thank u very much
hello sir, some of your article in the economy section(basic concepts for newcomers) are not opening.plz help
Sir… i am getting this message while trying to register for indianofficer forum…
“This user’s primary usergroup is also listed as a secondary group for this user. Please change the primary group or remove the secondary group.”
Plz help me what to do…
Complaint forwarded to big boss K.Pathak
i have never understood this problem , used to happen with me in IO . Should appear on FaceBook rather here :D !!
plz provide some articles on Organic Farming and Panchayati Raj.. thanks
nice one yaar
JAI HO sir nice work
great article
SIR
GREEN MANURE PLANTS STORE RHIZOBIUM BACTERIA IN ITS ROOTS TO ABSORB THE NITROGEN FROM ATMOSPHERE. SO WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIO FERTILIZERS AND GREEN MANURE?
Thanks, great information.
Objectives of green manuring
To add N to the companion or succeeding crop and add or sustain organic matter in the soil.
Subsidiary objective
a. Catch Crops
Legumes are inter-sown in standing crop before or after harvest, to utilize nitrates or the left over moisture
b. Shade crops
Sown in young orchards with the objective of shading the soil surface and, preventing the rise of temperature. Otherwise tender roots of fruit plants may be affected by the high soil temperature. In plantation like tea and coffee, Glyricidia is used as shade crop first and incorporated as green manure.
c. Cover crops
Green manure crops grown with the objective of clothing the surface with a vegetative cover, especially in hill slopes during the rainy season to avoid soil erosion and run off.
d. Forage crops
Legume are grown for taking cutting of green fodder for cattle in early stages and later as GM. Pillipesara seeds can be broadcasted in the standing rice crop
(3-5 days before harvest)
Non-conventional green manures
Leguminous or non-leguminous annuals, shrubs and trees providing large biomass and can supply considerable quantity of plant nutrients
Initial set back may be seen in crops after the incorporation of organic residues with wide C-N ratio
High lignin content which resist easy decomposition and release of higher proportion of organic acids during decomposition adversely affect establishment of young seedlings can be overcome by extra addition of N or use suitable microbial inoculants.
Forms of green manuring
Improved fallow, i.e. replacing natural fallow vegetation with green manure
Alley cropping: quickly growing trees, shrubs (usually legumes) or; grasses are planted in rows and are regularly cut back
Integration of trees into crop land, as found in several traditional farming systems,
Relay fallowing by sowing bush legumes among the food crops
Live mulching, in which the rows of food crops are sown into a low but dense cover crop of grasses or legumes, strips of the cover crop are removed by hand or killed by herbicides when the food crops are to be sown, thus reducing soil tillage operations to zero;
Shaded green manures (in fruit orchards, coffee plots, multistorey kitchen gardens etc