1. Prologue
  2. WHRd/P1: Redrawal of National boundaries: Meaning & factors
  3. WHRd/P2: Vienna Congress & Metternich System
  4. WHRd/P3: Reunification of Italy
  5. WHRd/P4: Reunification of Germany

Prologue

  • In past lecture, Pratik Nayak covered the American and French revolutions for World History for General Studies Mains Paper 1 (GSM1).
  • Now moving forward with next topic: redrawal of boundries and reunification of Germany and Italy.
  • PowerPoints available under Mrunal.org/download goto mediafire folder: “1_Powerpoint” =>  “3_History_Pratik” à “World History”

WHRd/P1: Redrawal of National boundaries: Meaning & factors

In this lecture, Pratik Nayak discusses the meaning of redrawal of boundaries and the intellectual, cultural, political and economic factors behind the redrawal of boundaries.
utube-wh-rdru-p1
Youtube Link: youtu.be/VLFYnsL5zj4

WHRd/P2: Vienna Congress & Metternich System

On April 4, 1814, a defeated Napoleon abdicated the throne, marking the end of a catastrophic quarter-century of revolution and warfare. The French Revolution (1789–1799) and the Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815) had profoundly shaken Europe and a new atmosphere of international cooperation emerged in response. The Congress of Vienna was the first instance in which an international body met together in a single place to discuss the future of Europe. The congress included representatives from more than 200 nations and princely states.
utube-wh-rdru-p2-mette
The dominant figure and host of the Congress of Vienna was Austria’ s foreign minister, Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773–1859).  At the Congress of Vienna, Metternich was chiefly responsible for creating the balance of power in Europe. For the next 30 years, the Austrian would dedicate himself to stabilizing and consolidating this balance. The so-called Metternich system ensured stability by censoring political and religious views that threatened the conservative status quo.
Youtube Link: youtu.be/9K8hp86vfIY

WHRd/P3: Reunification of Italy

utube-wh-rdru-p3-italy
Like Germany, Italy was also divided into a number of states. The major states in the early 19th century Italy were Sardinia, Lombardy, Venetia, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Sicily and Naples), Papal States, Tuscany, Parma and Modena. Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi started Young Italy movement. It aimed at the independence and unification of Italy and the establishment of a republic there. Later the Prime minister of Sardinia Count Cavour, took the initiative of uniting Italy
Youtube Link: youtu.be/dKOZorTVI6E

WHRd/P4: Reunification of Germany

utube-wh-rdru-p4-germany
In the 18th century, Germany was divided into a number of states. Some of these states were very small and did not extend beyond the limits of a city. During the Napoleonic wars, many of these states ceased to exist. At the end of the wars there were still thirty-eight independent states in Germany. Among them Prussia, Wurttemberg, Bavaria, and Saxony were fairly large. The division of Germany into a number of states had hampered the economic development of Germany. The social and political system in these states was also very backward. Bismarck, a Prussian aristocrat began Policy of “blood and iron” to reunite them.
Youtube Link: youtu.be/0DKFn_kvlM0