Public Administration
- Paper-I and II: Each 3 hours and 250 marks.
- There are 8 questions divided into two sections, printed in both Hindi and English.
- You’ve to attempt 5 questions. No.1 and 5 are compulsory and out of remaining, 3 are to be attempted choosing atleast 1 question from each section.
- Word limit, wherever specific, should be adhered to. (Mrunal- they did not specify wordlimit in questions, except for Q1 and Q5).
- Attempt all questions in chronological order, unless struck off, attempt of a question shall be counted even if attempted partially. Any page of portion of the page left blank in the question-cum-answer booklet must be clearly struck off.
Paper1: SECTION-A
Q1 (Compulsory) Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: 10 x 5 = 50 marks.
- What are the implications of the post-structuralist perspective on the discrete aspects of Public Administration, coming from its epistemological positions?
- “Adaptive, problem-solving, temporary systems of diverse specialists, linked together by coordinating executives in an organic flux-this is original form that will gradually replace bureaucracy”. Discuss, in the light of this statement, the ‘end of bureaucracy’ thesis and its strengths and limitations.
- “Karl Marx’s interpretation of bureaucracy was rooted in the history of the nature of the State”. Evaluate.
- “The conceptual division between administrative and constitutional law is quite porous, and that along many dimensions, administrative law can be considered more constitutional in character that the constitutions.” How would you justify the statement?
- Is Peter Drucker justified in saying, “Management principles should not tell us what to do, but only tell us what not to do”? Comment.
Q2. Answer following (20+15+15=50 marks)
- “Governance theory and the nation of governmentality have many points of convergence, but they run on parallel lines.” Comment. 20 marks.
- “Taylor’s ideas need modification in the context of post-industrial economies in contemporary era.” Justify with reasons. 15 marks
- How does the Strategic Contingencies Theory of organizational design deal with problems arising from sub-unit centrality and non-substituability? 15 marks.
Q3. Answer following (20+15+15=50 marks)
- According to Macgregor, “true professional help is not in playing God with the client, but in placing professional knowledge and skills at the client’s disposal.” In the light of above statement, justify how theory-Y is indicative and not prescriptive. 20 marks
- the notion of informal organisation is a residual or cafeteria concept of diverse and sprawling contents. How does Gouldner established the need for understanding the interdigitations between the formal and informal organisation. 15 marks
- The right to information is not all about citizens empowerment, it essentially redefines the concept of accountability. Discuss. 15 marks
Q4. Answer following (20+15+15=50 marks)
- New public management and post new public management reforms initiatives ever affected the balance between managerial, political, administrative, legal, professional and social accountability. Analye.
- Delegation to independent agencies has taken place in an interdependent progress driven by emulation. Discuss in the context of independent regulatory agencies in the modern regulatory state.
- Voluntary organizations have become tools of sensitization of governmental agencies. comment.
Paper1: SECTION-B
Q5. (Compulsory) Answer following in 150 words each. (5 x 10 = 50 marks)
- Critically examine the Riggsian concept of differentiation in context of post-globalisation era.
- The term development Administration can be used only in a broad sense to mark the variety of approaches and point of view. Discuss
- The bottom line for governance outcome rather than the outputs of government. Analyse in context of e-government and e-governance.
- “Policies determine politics as governments constrain.” Attempt a critique of this statement.
- Instead of reforms to budgetary process Wildavsky proposes to redefine the role of political institutions and rules by which politics leads to agreement on budget. Explain
Q6. Answer following (20+15+15=50 marks)
- The fact that we call something performance auditing means that we imply salient features which can distinguish it from other forms of enquiry. Discuss with reference to the main majors or indicators of performance measurement.
- The output studies approach to public policy analyses ovestresses the rational techniques and allocative dimension of public policy. Analyse the statement.
- The field of MIS is not necessarily an extension of computer science, but of management and organisation theory. Elucidate
Q7. Answer following (20+15+15=50 marks)
- The technical and multidisciplinary nature of e-governance has created an interdependent relationship within government between policymakers, program administrators and technical specialists. Analyse in context of generalist – specialist relationship
- Self-help groups have not only empowered women, but have also brought about attitudinal change among all stakeholders towards women development. Discuss
- Many African and Asian countries have inherited the colonial idea of civil service as a privileged elite. Hence, the social status of the civil services is an important aspect of the bureaucracy’s unsuitability for change. Comment.
Q8. Answer following (20+15+15=50 marks)
- Identify the main elements of program budgeting, output budgeting and new performance budgeting. What do they have in common with PPBS?
- According to Y.Dror, “the science of modelling through is essentially a reinforcement of pro inertia and anti-innovation ideas in policy-making.” Comment
- British philosophy of Administration is based on a unification of science of Administration with ethics. Analyze.
PubAd: Paper-2 Section-A
Q1. (Compulsory) 150 words x 10 marks each x 5 = 50 marks
- Ethics in public services has been the central concern of Kautilya’s Arthashastra. Critically examine the statement
- discuss the valuable premise of constitutionalism in India which the bureaucracy cannot violate
- the functional role of Prime Minister’s office (PMO) depends on the Prime Minister’s policy orientation, personality and style of administration. Comment on the statement with suitable examples.
- Despite the adoption of decentralised planning, participatory initiative remain marginalised and divisive live in many regions. Discuss
- the Centre State relations have acquired new dimensions in recent times due to several political parties being in power at the Centre and the States. (Second administrive, commission). Do you agree? Give reasons to support your arguments.
Q2. 20+20+10 marks
- “public sector undertakings must learn to survive and be entrepreneurial, without assured government budgetary support.” In the light of the statement give your suggestions for strengthening their autonomy and reviving the health of sick public sector undertakings.
- Indian administration is said to be characterised by its three features viz.Weberian structures, Kautilyan practice and Gandhian rhetoric. Examine the statement.
- District collector is a legacy of the British Raj and has largely remained insulated from the demands of contemporary professionalism. Discuss
Q3. 20+20+10 marks
- gender responsive budgeting has infused greater accountability of planning departments towards women empowerment programs. Examine the statement.
- The Gubernatorial position of the Governor is comfortably placed in the fuzzy area between “withdrawal of the pleasure of the Presiden” and “compelling reasons for removal.” Discuss with some recent examples.
- Beneath the soft outer shell of democratic administrative framework lies unscathed the steel frame of Indian administration which has survived through ages. In the light of the statement, examine the relationship between bureaucracy and development in the last one decade.
Q4. 20+20+10 marks
- management of intergovernmental relations is as important as that of intergovernmental relations. Examine its impact upon the performance of the government.
- How far do you agree with the view that national development Council could resonate the demands of the state governments as long as planning commission is Subservient to it? Critically examine.
- Critically examine the statement: “Thana (police station) as the last bastion of the waning British administrative legacy in India.”
PubAd: Paper-2 Section-B
Q5. (Compulsory) 150 words x 10 marks each x 5 = 50 marks
- Discuss the changes in the powers of controller and auditor General of India, following a recent Supreme Court judgement concerning a private service provider. #Mrunalarticle=10 marks be counted under Bogus Marketing Propoganda.
- Parliamentary committees bring about accountability and public expenditure. Discuss
- do you think that the role of Panchayati Raj should go beyond development Administration? Give reasons for your answer.
- Police – public relations are a story of insincere efforts made both sides. Elaborate
- from coalition government to one-party dominance is of the change that is bound to affect the governmental system. Explain why and how
Q6. 20+20+10 marks
- Assess the role of honest and upright civil servants in regulatory and development administration in India. Give examples to substantiate your arguments.
- “Social auditing of flagship programmes of the Central government facilitates the performance of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.” Elaborate the statement with appropriate examples.
- Explain the notion of one hundred ‘smart cities’ and its likely impact on India’s urbanization.
Q7. 20+20+10 marks
- Elaborate the features of the grievance redressal mechanism of the civil services in India. Does this mechanism satisfy the objectives of its creation?
- The 13th Finance Commission highlighted an indispensable need to improve the finances of rural and urban level bodies. Does this make local bodies more accountable in the discharge of their functions?
- “Unimplemented reforms in administration weaken the administrative reforms process most.” Do you agree? Give your answer citing specific cases as illustrations.
Q8. 20+20+10 marks
- Discuss the need for civil service neutrality in development administration. Suggest some measures for achieving and strengthening it in practice.
- Supreme Court ruling on 31st October, 2013 in respect of bureaucracy’s functioning would help achieve good governance. Analyze this ruling and add your comments on it.
- Do you think that the Central para-military police forces have proven more effective than the State police service? Give your answer objectively in a critical vein.
Other odd optionals
UPSC will upload official paper within 35-40 days, like they did after Mains-2013. So no point in filling RTIs. Just wait and watch. and if you already have the paper then upload on google drive and share link in comments.
Some of the papers were shared by readers such as Mathametics, Electrical Engineering etc. you can find them on following folder:
https://files.secureserver.net/0fiTObWTXNUtV4
Compulsory Hindi, Tamil, Gujarati language
Exam is scheduled on 20th December and I’ve contacts for all three. Will upload tomorrow night on this same page.
![[Download] Topicwise UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-1 (GSM1): History, Geography, Social Science](https://mrunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/mains-answer-writing-d1-500x383.jpg)
Thank you mrunal ji…
sir….plz post analysis of psychology papers
Waiting for LAW ! Thanks mrunal ji :)
Same here.. Waiting fr law paper
Waiting for political science and IR..thanx mrunal sir….
MrunalDa from where i can get hindi literature question papers…should i wait for official upload?
I don’t have any contacts in Hindi literature. so unless someone else uploads it, better wait for the official upload.
thnx Da.. :)
Hell that! Now what the fuck paper was that?
awaiting for Geography papers sir
awaiting for Electrical Engg paper sir
me too ,mrunal sir please helpl…..
electrical was straight forward in basic questions of 1 and 5!!
but they mixed all topics in both papers so had to leave out a lot!!!
do u hv that paper(electrical)????
i have it….
hey ..! ankur, can u send this paper on erniinbhallaec@gmail.com
Ankur, Please send me Electrical Engg paper at my mail id satishkt1@rediffmail.com or at bits.tripathi@gmail.com. Thanks Alot
me too…
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9l7DAeeHWFPZTl1SkZHTHpsU3JpMFdoWDhlekt6T1FHNks0/view?usp=sharing
ELECTRICAL PAPERS
i m unable to open this filr … this file download data in gb …
Awaiting for Geology papers……If anybody has attempted with Geology as optional can you pls share your contact details. I need some guidance and have some queries.
Please….
M preparing for 2015 with geology optional…get in touch.r u from geology background..
Yes, i am from geology background. But do have lots of doubts and insecurities for deciding it as my optional subject. Can you mail me up then we can be touch on whatsapp or FB
nmcoolnik@gmail.com
Check your mail..
Can’t one tell about the Commerce and Accountancy paper?
I’m having it I’ve appeared with commerce optional if anybody wants I can share it
My contact number is 9445960433
Anwar upload your commerce paper on google drive/mediafire and share link here.
Can you please upload the paper here?
Hi Anwar,
how was your paper?
can you please share paper with me?
Please upload the paper…
anwar bhai commerce ka paper upload kar do ya mail kar do@ pj1301@yahoo.in
Waiting for Political Science papers!
Sir, can u arrange economics papers as well?
Sir, is there cutoff in each paper of GS as well as optional apart from final cutoff?
So Pub Ad guys ,what’s the word?
Aaj to tabah ho gaye. Paper 2 was equally bad.
Next time I won’t take pub ad even by mistake.
Even gs papers were more scoring than this.
How was yours Jude_Prudence. By the way is your centre also dehradun.
Yup, sgrr.
As for me, Pub Ad has again ruined it. In ppr 2, couldn’t attempt 30 marks.
It boils down to how other optional performed. In G.S every that I talk to say that they did extremely good.
anyone has psychology optional? If yes then provide inputs
I am just curious who u r. I was sitting in hall 61, which room were u sitting in. May be u r one of the people I talk to.
I attempted with psychology.. Paper II was quite easy.. Paper 1 was easy for those who have read NCERT thoroughly.. But as compared to last year,this time paper I was difficult.. But UPSC is asking essay type question so we need answer writing skill and that too artistic type and here I lagged.. It was difficult to write more than 1 sheet for me… anyways Thanks God I dropped Pub Ad this tym.. I would have left examination hall in the midst of the exam..
Nope. That’s not me.I’m in 62
1st attempt….till GS-4 it was fine…but then came Pub AD…GOD why did i chose this optional!!!…totally ruined..
why is it that while reading it feels we are getting everything but in examination hall…mind just stops working…i got totally blank…
need to think if to continue with pub ad or try some other subject…:-((
Paper-1
1.a Wrote about 2 post-structuralists – Behaviouralism and organisational humanism on structuralist aspects – hierarchy, span of control, decision-making, authority, etc.
1.b adaptive org – wrote about increasing specialization (ex Disaster Mgmt requires sociologist, space scientist, engineer, administrator, etc), thus matric form of organisations. It + & – – bol bachan.
1.c Karl Marx – unprepared. But wrote about bourgouise state and bureaucracy as its instrument.
1.d What is const law, admn law, and how Admn law clothes the state with power of action, helps implement constitutional values of equality, liberty, etc. From Mohanty notes.
1.e peter Drucker – Pass.
4.a NPM and accountability – reductionist state. Wrote from Mohit’s criticism. Main point was – social, political, legal accountability – decreases. Professional, Managerial – increases.
4.b -Regulatory Agencies – criticism – wrote from Planning commission 2007 document of 15 pages, which mentions the theoretical context of RAs as well as India’s fragmented nature of regulation.
4.c Voluntary agencies – At two levels – Macro-level- influence public policy – ex Enactment of forest rights act. Micro-level – implementation. Included community based org role. Source: Newspaper analysis and my work in NGO sector.
5.a – Riggisian differentiation – Wrote that exogenous change >> endogenous change – Structural readjustment. So, greater formalism and greater corruption.
5.b – Dev Admn – Bol bachan answer – Dev means increasing choices – Multiple approaches – deomcratic decentralisation, admn-led, Community-led, now market led.
5 c – e-gov – the thread is input–> output–> outcome. Govt focus on input and output. But governance is about outcomes. ex. E-govt is only use of e within govt. But e-govc is about ensuring effectiveness in society through e.
5.d size of govt decreasing. Withdrawal of state. But its policies still very powerful. So, not politics is not about govt investment in particular area, but about its policies in a domain.
5.e. pass.
7.a e-govc requires data interpretation, analytics, decision-making etc. so generalist-specialist – interdependent relationship. Blah blah..
7.b Role of SHG – Mistake is to write only about their savings role. See Mahila Samakhya for ex. SHG is not about microsavings as it is about feminisism – domestic violence, dowry, political participation- ex Kudumbashree and Mahila Samakhya.
So, wrote about the context of SHG, and then women’s empowerment(psychological, economic, social, questioning identities) → Household level(challenging patriarchy) → Village-level leaders → Govt officials. All these stakeholders undergo attitudinal change.
7.c Asia and Africa civil services – political & bureaucratic culture – mai-bap culture. Divide and rule- elite services. So, too much away from realities. Need for representative bureaucracy as well as mindset change – slave–>subject. Need to consider them to be citizen – rights-based approach. Democratic decn – School dev committee, Village Health Committee, etc.
8.a -Program, performance budgeting – took a guess. Wrote from Nicholos henry and 2nd ARC chapter on issues of budgeting in India. Input-output-outcome chain.
Program – focus on activity(mgmt). Output – on what the govt did, but new performance(=results based/outcome based/top-down budgeting) focus on results(effectiveness).
8.b Public Policy – Dror’s criticism of Lindbloom – wrote from ignou notes of MA. Well mentioned there.
8.c – British Admn – Just wrote that its mix of NPM reforms(efficiency) and ethics(Nolan, public service law). Source was 2nd ARC on personnel admn and ethics(paper-IV) by IIS officer.
Paper-II
1.a Kautilya Ethics – Direct – from Arora. Ethics for King & for administrators. Yogakshema, codification of law, selection based on ethical tests – dharmashastras, punishing corruption through spying, etc. Paternalistic state and ethics.
1.b Value premise – Direct – wrote about preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties. Its summary – equality, liberty, untouchability, women, environment, minorities, marginalised, etc.
1.c. PMO role – Nehru time – small because Nehru trusted the cabinet. Indira time – centralisation, Parallel office. Now, modi sarkar, Allocation of business rules mentions PMO as responsible for all policy decisions. Spectrum Raja and how PMO was not kept in loop.. Now, parallel offices for everything. Monitoring of flagship programs(ex swatch bharat MIS), foreign relations, economy(PMEAC), climate change, etc.
1.d. Decentralised planning – A farce. Though 73-74 amendment, still highly centralised. 67 central schemes. No devolution to local bodies. Presence of parallel bodies of these schemes- ex SSA – School mgmt committee, NRHM – Rogi Kalyan Samithi, Health and sanitation committee. These bodies have money while panchayat doesn’t have. 243ZD DPC not working in most places. Parastatal bodies. Also, local revenue only 5% of total expenditure. So, no initiative/participation.
Soln – Use BRGF & MNREGA approach. Untied funds and bottom-up planning.
1.e. Bolbachan. Bargaining for regional interest. Ex special category status by planning commission which will give additional central allocation.
3.a Guess work – Similar to SCSP & TSP, gender-responsive budgeting. Show money seperately for women. More an advocacy tool. Need to move from budgeting for women to budgeting by women.
3.b Discussed (1). colonial legacy of governor’s office and his role as well as (2). Singhal judgement and examples of previous UPA tenure and recent NDA govt.
3.c Bureaucracy still plays a dominant role. Somehow convince the examiner about this. So, wrote that they head many societies like SSA society. Decide on budget allocation, etc. Play a coordinating role. According to 2nd ARC, they head more than 43 committees in the district.
5.a CAG – NPM paradigm – PPP, privatisation, deregulation. Public utilities by private providers. So, what about accountability? Earlier Budget discussions, etc. Now? So, in this context SC judgement giving CAG power to audit significant. Otherwise revenue loss for govt(production sharing contracts) and high tarriff for consumers. Far reaching implications for accountability of PPP etc. (but I wrongly thought that the judgement is in power sector. It was actually in telecom sector).
5.b Std answer – Detailed scruitiny. Diff committees – financial and dept. CAG report, questioning, demand for grant, etc. ex 2G scam..
5.c Yes, Panchayat shouldn’t administer development schemes, but also act as a local govt and legislate on local matters. 2Nd ARC mentions about district govt. Principle of subsudiarity. Should follow. Concern : Dr Ambedekar – Elite capture..
5.d Police-public relations : Colonial legacy. Focus only on public order, not on individual crimes, or oppression/marginalised – women, scheduled caste, etc. So, no sensitivity. Post-independence – same story. Further politicisation in 1970s + media image of police as corrupt. Police not displaying enough sensitivity in recent attrocities against women. Systematic problem. People too not making enough effort. Stigma of police as force, not service. Understaffed – 4 lakh vacancies, overworked. Need to improve relations as no replacement for such information from public. Communuty policing + SC directions on police reforms needs to be implemented. Recently PM called for smart policing,which is responsive and accountable.
Source: ARC + my own masala.
5e. Coalition govt – multiple centres of power, multiple parties, ideologies, regional aspirations, pressure group. For ex – NAC+Plan.Com + PMO + 60GoM. But single party govt. No multiple centres of power. So, clear lines of accountability. Less conflict, faster govt delivery system, decision-making. Concern – No mutual checks and balances within govt..
6.a Regulatory/Development Admin – like administerering welfare schemes, or quasi-judicial nature – building liscencing, etc. Very significant because – 1. Huge implications, sometimes for the entire sector. 2. Greater discretion. So, need for greater ethical conduct even greater. Ex. Regulatory bodies. Change of land use. Identification of benefeciaries – Forest Rights Act etc.
Source: Just Guessing.
6.b CAG audit – largely based on documents and some field inspection – compliance audit and financial audit. Also, Performance audit to check effectiveness, done post-facto. Social Audit – evolution – Jun Sunwai – by people, not post-facto, but during the implementation, on the field( not offices), in the presence of officials. So, complementary to CAG audit. CAG paper calls for social audit to be made part of its own audit. Has been institutionalised in AP through a directorate of social audit. Also in MGNREGA, Gram Sabha to do social audit. Must be mainstreamed everywhere.
Source: Satyameva Jayathe : Sowmya’s interview, CAG’s random paper.
6.c Smart cities. Context – increasing urbanisation (census 2011: 30%). Hence need to accommodate them. Hence 100 new smart city planned. But no unanimity on what shape they will take. Currently smart city – techno-managerial paradigm. Dehumanised. Highly privatised/outsourced utility management. Focus only on efficiency, not on equity. No focus on urban governance. So, instead urban governance renewal more important. Like JNNURM’s property tax reforms, urban governance reforms, etc. Implication of smart city – will accommodate only the more elite. Not for the poor migrants. Env not sustainable.
Source: Newspaper+Bolbachan
8.a Development: aims to increase people’s choices. A desirable change. Hence, it will have leveling of differences and ensure that marginalised are empowered. This requires civil servants to administer programs with objectivity. Neutrality – a weberian construct – bureaucracy should be above party politics and shouldn’t favour a particular section. Unfortunately, Rigg;s salacracy, tendency to favour one’s own parochial communities. Ascriptive norms.. Hence neutrality important. Else, people’s faith in democracy will fade away.
How to achieve neutrality: Representative bureaucracy, transparency, professional civil service based on agencification, right to public services law, greater transparency, democratic decentralisation.
Source: Mohit’s two books
8.b SC ruling : fixed tenure of 2 years + a civil service board for professional management – transfer, promotion, posting, etc. Land mark judgement. Context is : due to frequent transfers, demoralised bureaucracy, no political neutrality, inefficiency in program implementation, no continuity, no specialization, political interference in operational matters. Ex 43 transfers in 20 years. So, fixed tenure reqd. Politics-admn dichotomy. Only broad policy should be framed by political exec. Operational level – autonomy for bureaucracy.
SC suggested similar reforms for police too – fixed tenure, state commission, etc.
2nd ARC too mentions the same – Central Civil Service Authority to advice political exec on cadre mgmt. Other countries already implemented this. India should also imlement. But need for holistic reforms like creation of performance contracts, agencification, public accountability mechanisms , etc before implementing this one judgement.
Source:Newspaper, ARC
8.c Central forces – article 355 – duty of centre to protect states. So created – CRPF, BSF, CISF, etc. in MHA. Deal with exceptional situations – naxalism, terrorism, insurgency, etc.. A militarised service. Perception is they are far more effective than state police. But they are better funded, no politicial interference, single role of maintainence of public order, no other roles like criminal investigation, traffic, etc. Also, little public contact. Limited deployment in an area with clear mandate. So, better performance. State police on the other hand – severely crippled, underfunded, no modernisation, huge political interference, multiple duties, etc. Hence, need for police reforms.
Source: Punchi commission.
1. Thanks So much for. PUB.ADM PAPER,
2. As Last year Toppers Said-need to have conceptual clarity rather than just mugging up.
3.VERY IMPORTANT I think Answer Writing
4.GOOGLING OF HIDDEN TOPICS GIVEN BY LOHIT MATANI last year because he Mentioned British philosophy of admini-now its asked, he also mentioned Regulatory Bodies thats also asked for States…an other questions also, this much i kw, rest Mrunal Ji have to Say.
what’s your mail id ?? have some queries, need your help for these. Thank you in advance :)
thanks sir ji………………………..waiting for GEOGRAPHY in hindi medium
Anyone having philosophy paper ??!!
Confused between philosophy, geography and public administration as an optional !!
Even I am confused with that !!
Don’t love any particular subject so no question about “take subject in which you are interested ” type bol bachangiri :P
Will upload by 9PM ..#philosophy
Philosophy papers
waitin 4 zoology paper…..thank you sir :)
same, inform me if you get
it
how was paper
frst attempt,pub adm was my optional….paper 1 was relatively tougher than paper 2…however,they balance each other out…attempted 230 in first and 250 in second…not hopeful but yet fingers crossed…..current topics were emphasised in paper 2 viz..shg,smart cities,socila audit
Article is now updated with Public Administration Paper-2. Courtesy: Jude_Prudence
plz someone upload geography paper
sociology papers?
Sir please, if possible, could u post commerce accounts optional paper as well.
Thanks
Can anyone upload Maths optional paper??
Anyone with Psychology papers? Please share the link.
Waiting for those. Please someone upload Psychology optionals.
sir pls , analyze the history paper in next blog …
Hi if anybody has appeared in psychology ,please share it…
Was expecting 300+ in GS but in Pub Ad not even God can give me a 150+ (P1+P2) … shattered to the core … exile again :(
Literally down :(
@Jai
girte hain sheh sawaar hi maidaan e jung mein
unka kya jo ghutno k bal chalte hain
dost dont feel bad…
u gave ur best..now start preparing for interview.. gear up mate gear up..:)
Thanks kuku dhadkan… Otherwise i was thinking abt desi liquor…!
exactly my posotion last time.. i couldnt interview because of low marks in pub ad. changed to anthro .which was far easy. lets hope for the best. if you want to change the optional now is the right time
Some people give questions of geology
optional…