- Prologue
- [Block 1] Policies
- [Block-2] Make in India (MII)
- [Block-3] Labor Factory reforms
- [Block-4] Schemes: Skill / Social security
Prologue
- Like I said in the first revision note: 4-5 points on selected topics. Assumption: you already have read earlier articles. This is just like minute memory jogging.
- GS2: schemes, policies, intervention = fifty dozen schemes. I’m only making note of things related to manufacturing sector.
- Reason: MFG topic too hot given make in India. Even if directly not asked, still same bullets can be used for poverty, hunger, empowerment related questions in GS to 3 and essay as ‘fall back line’ when you can’t recall anything else.
- Next coming revision note: GS2: IR related Economy- bodies & agreements.
[Block 1] Policies

fifty dozen policies but these useful to handle mfg/service sector related Qs.
New Industrial policy 1991
- ’48: Shyama’s policy; ’56: focus on PSU; 91: Liberated
- 5 sectors need license: Tobacco, Desi liquor, Industrial explosive, Hazardous chemicals, Defense electronics.
- 3 reserved for PSU. Rail, Atomic mineral, Atomic energy.
- PSU: Disinvestment permitted, MoU for op.flexibility, later various “Ratna”
- FDI relaxed, 100% NRI investment permitted.
- Tech parks for Software, electronic, hardware
- To help M&A- MRTP removed, later CCI setup.
National MFG policy 2011
- Increase MFG’s share in GDP from present 15% to 25%. [though China 35%]
- Create 100 million jobs in a decade.
- MFG focus: employment intensive sectors- Textile, IT; MSME,
- Simplify labour and environment laws=> Modi: factory, apprentice bills + green law panel under TSR Subramanian
- Skill Development via Polytechs=> Modi skill India, Din Dayal Antyo.
- Setup Mfg promotion boards, NIMZ (invest & mfg)
- Infra via PPP=> Modi: REITS, INVITs, 3P-India for contracts
- Tax relief to startup co.s; skill Development via Polytechs.
National IT policy 2012
- 1 e-literate person in each household.=> Modi Digital India mission for rural broadband.
- 1 crore new IT personnel
- Public services/softwares in Vernacular, PH friendly, transparency=>Modi E-kranti system
- Strong framework against cybercrime
- Promote Cloud computing, open source software
- Tax relief to IT startups. (just like mfg policy)
- Target 2020: 300 billion$ revenue, 200$ exports.
- Survey Suggestion: separate Department for service sector, divest service-sector PSU, give collateral free loans to start up cos.
New Telecom Policy 2012
- 2020: rural teledensity increase to 100 =>USOF Universal service obligation fund to improve net connection in rural/naxal areas
- Right to broadband with 2mbps speed=> NFON National optical fiber network to connect 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayat.
- Make Mobile a socio-economic empowerment=>UID link with SIM CARD. Future vision Apple-pay like system, swipe mobile to pay/transfer money. no more rural branches, BCA-agents.
- All India mobile no. portability in 2015 (right now only circle wise. Total 22 circles)
- Unified license for India. (no need to buy separate for each 22 circles)
- spectrum delinked from license. Have to buy it separately.
- Allot Spectrum in transparent, market determined price. Simplify M&A in telecom industry.
- Make India a global hub for telecom mfg., VoIP, Cloud computing. Modi=>Make in India.
[Block-2] Make in India (MII)
Why Make in India?
- India became Agrarian to => direct service economy. Not much focus on mfg. sector.
- Agro gives 14% to GDP, employs 49% junta= disguised unemployment.
- While MFG gives 15% to Indian GDP and 35% to Chinese.
- IF MFG boost=>small farmers can shift to industry. poverty removal, land consolidation, farm mechanization=high agro output.
- 3D-Strength = democracy, demographic dividend, demand in huge quantity.
MII: challenges
- World economic forum’s Global competitiveness index: 71.
- World bank Ease of doing business rank 142. (double of 71)
MII: FIVE-mechanism
- Simplify processes: De-licensing and deregulation=> New Factories bill, eBiz poral to apply online, industrial license valid for 3 years. Special team to guide first time investor.
- Improve infra: New Industrial corridors authority, 3P-India, smart cities-REITs-INVITs ;Modi to get funds from US, China, Japan; BRICS bank, AIIB
- Skilling: Skill India mission, Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana,
- Focus on 30 mfg. sectors: autoparts, pharma-chemicals, leather-textile, mining-construction, food-processing-hospitality etc. Here we’ve potential to become world top-10; potential manpower and demand available.
- Open up sectors: FDI in Defense 49% and Railways 100%
- Protect IPR (below)
IPR protection (GS3)
Focus on five angles
1.Patent | innovative product / process for industrial use.=> DIPP=>Patent office.Indian patent offices to connect online with other nations under Madrid Protocol, automated applications and approvals.=>followup special 301 report revision note for GS2-IR-Economy. |
2.Industrial design | registration for 10 years. Renewed again for 5 years. |
3.Trademarks | Automated registration of trade marks. Can be renewed for infinite time. |
4.GI | Statutory GI registry body @Chennai. Foreign companies can register GI in India under WTO-TRIPS agreement. |
5.Copyright | HRD ministry |
Side note: to counter us, China too launched “Made in China” scheme to give R&D, Tax sops to Mfg-Sectors: aviation, bio—medicine production, railway and ships, IT-electronics
[Block-3] Labor Factory reforms

again fifty dozen topics but these ones helpful for generic questions
Why need factory/labour reforms
- 44 union + >150 state acts=> conflicts, bribery, inspector raj
- Industrial disputes act: >100 workers=need Government permission before firing => contractual labour without social security benefits (SSB).
- Apprentice made to work like regular employee yet no SSB.
- Owner can be arrested for petty issues like no spittoon.
- Foreigners won’t come to Make In India, unless these issues fixed.
Factory bill 2014
- On Narendra Jadav Committee (2010)
- Factory def: 20 workers if power used; 40 workers if not.
- Women: nightshift with safety-transport provisions; can work on heavy machinery unless pregnant/PH
- Worker: Reforms in Overtime, paid leaves; right to cool drinking water, spittoon, restrooms. Canteen depending on (#) of workers.
- Owner: self-certification, can decide workweek, can’t be arrested on small issues like no restroom/cool water.
- Benefit: women empowerment, no more bribery inspector raj
Small factories bill 2014
- 2000: 2nd National labour commission recommends separate law for small factories.
- New bill 2014: for MSME with upto 40 workers.
- Women can work on heavy machines.
- Small one-room “factories” can’t setup separate washroom, spitton etc. so they’re allowed to have joint facilities with other small factories.
- Self-compliance features similar to (non-small) Factories bill 2014
Apprentice bill 2014
- Minimum age 14 years to join non-hazardous industry as an apprentice
- Government to decide quota and training syllabus in each industry
- Companies can accept non-engineer/diploma; fix workdays; multiple companies can join to give pre-training.
- Post-training a certification exam.
- Web portal for self-certification; reasonable fines.
- Benefit: flexibility to company, skilled youth to help make in India.
Additional topics:
#1: Modi scheme- Apprentice protstahan yojana: Government will contribute 50% of stipend for first two years of training
#2: Self-compliance/ Self certification: CRITICISM
- 2013 National crime report: >350 workers died in boiler explosion.
- Inspector-raj is necessary. Suppose Defective Boiler & other dangerous machines. Owner himself won’t work/check. May not hear complaints from workers & yet upload “everything tested OK” self-certificate on portal. (keep that in mind for Ethics case studies)
#3: random inspection
- Modi reform: labour/factory inspection will be done on random lucky draw by computers. (to ensure those self-compliance claims are right)
- Inspector to upload report within 72 hours. => less opportunities for manipulation and bribes.
Companies Act 2013
- Replaced ’56
- 3 types: one person, private (2-200), public ltd. (7-unlimited).
- BoD reforms: min.15 directors in public ltd, 1/3rd independence, 1 woman, 1 Indian resident.
- Independent directors: performance review by AGM, 10 year term limits.
- Whistleblower protection, internal and external audit mechanism, limits on CA about how many firms they can audit per year.
- Quorum requirements for AGM and board meetings
- CSR: 2% of last 3 years’ avg.profit. Selected companies only e.g. above 5 crore net profit /500 cr. Net worth, 1000 crore turnover.
Companies Act: 4 statutory bodies
- Company law tribunal (NCLT) to reduce burden of HC. Directly approachable, 3 months deadline to solve case. Appeal @NCLAT
- NFRA: Financial reporting authority. Set accounting standards, power of civil court, can punish CA and B.Com. ICAR doesn’t like it.
- Investor edu.+protection authority: financial literacy to prevent Saradha, sahara scams. Chaired by Secretary of corp.affairs ministry
- SFIO: given statutory status, power to search-seize, other agencies need to handover witnesses and evidences.
[Block-4] Schemes: Skill / Social security
- Following block covers only labour / skilling related schemes.
- I’m not going into all those health-education schemes. You may refer to them under Ch.13 economic survey summaries under Mrunal.org/economy
- Urban infra Development schemes=>under GS3 Economy revision note coming soon.
Din Dayal Antyodaya
- Why?: 57 million worker shortage in 1st world by 2020.
- Make in India useless without skilled workers. 10% of new workers skilled. (China 50%)
Rural component | Urban component |
---|---|
|
|
Jivan Praman
- Why? Pensioner need to submit physical life certificate every year- to show he’s alive and claim pension.
- Jivan Praman = Aadhar-based Digital Life Certificate.
- DEITY (Dept. of Electro.&IT) designed software.
- Software reads pensioner’s Aadhar card, biometric data=> uploaded to server=> digital life certificate generated.
- Pension giving babu can access online and release pension.
- Pensioner no need to physically visit office => less inconvenience and bribery harassment. Dignity to elderly.
EPFO
- UAN: Uniform account number for >4 crore subscribers: can view account, transaction data, grievances redressal. No need to get new number when changing jobs.
- LIN: Labour identification number for ~6 lakh employers. So they can file online provident contribution, annual returns. Less inspector raj and harassment.
- Assured Minimum Rs.1000 pension, compulsory EPS for upto 15k salary.
RSBY revamped (soon)
- Rashtriya Swasthya Bima yojana.
- Plans to merge Aam Admi Bima Yojana and India Gandhi old age pension with it
- Smart card for unorganized workers.
- 3rd party audit, call centre for grievances
Next coming revision note: GS2: IR related Economy- bodies & agreements.
You are back after 5 days.. Thank you…
Centre to lower age limit for civil service aspirants
In a move that could affect thousands of civil service aspirants across the country, the Centre intends to reduce the upper age limit and number of attempts of applicants with effect from 2015. Going by the new norm, the upper age limit will be 29 years for SC/ST candidates, 28 years for OBC and 26 for the unreserved category. There will be an additional two years for physically challenged candidates in each category.
At present, the upper age limit for SC/ST, OBC and unreserved candidates is 35, 33 and 30 years respectively.
According to information published on the website of the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, the number of attempts allowed for candidates appearing for the Civil Services Examination would also be reduced to six for SC/ST candidates, five for OBC and three for unreserved candidates.
The measures, recommended by the Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) and almost entirely accepted by the government, were put up on the website a few months ago. The Centre has decided to retain August 1 in the examination year as the cut-off date for eligibility and not to review the structure of the examination (both preliminary and main) since this was only recently changed.
MDMK leader Vaiko urged the Centre to withdraw its plan to bring down the upper age limit.
[source:TheHindu]
ANIMESH …haven’t u seen d clarification article of the hindu the next day…
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/no-change-in-age-limit-attempts-for-this-year-dopt/article6612165.ece
Kya hua bhai? Purana news kyun copy paste kiye ho?
The Hindu wale ko to nahi pata tha, kam se kam aap ko pata hona chahiye ki present upper limit 32 yrs age hai,30 wala kyun lekar aye ho. Fir se dusron ko tesn dene ka man hai kya?
Friends gov. is planning to reduce age limit for IAS, although they are saying it was UPA gov.’s proposal and they are not going for this but no formal notification has come in this regard. We just demand that even if they want to go for this then they must issue such notification 3-4 years prior to that change.
We have made a facebook group in this regard “IAS AND THE AGE ISSUE”
Do join this, so that we can raise our voice collectively.
In todays THE HINDU there is again a news in this regard. Now Goldman Sachs demanding such move. So there is something friends and if Vaiko of MDMK partner with BJP Gov. Is oppositing this move. It means something is going on in gov. Circles. Once visit the facebook page “IAS AND THE AGE ISSUE” and join. We want to raise this issue in Parliament.
What the modi sarkaar wants to do.
What would be of the candidates who working and preparing for this exams.
Gen category gets pitier.
Mrunal sir
Is this news true.
TRUE
It was stand of GoM in December 2013 but then they raised the age limit so present situation is 32 yr for UR
Will it remain 32 only in 2015 n 2016.. Plz clarify .. I have left my Job considering 32 years of age
JAI HO MRUNAL BH
I JAI HO MRUNAL BHIJAI HO MRUNAL BHIJAI HO MRUNAL BHIJAI HO MRUNAL BHI
Friends gov. is planning to reduce age limit for IAS, although they are saying it was UPA gov.’s proposal and they are not going for this but no formal notification has come in this regard. We just demand that even if they want to go for this then they must issue such notification 3-4 years prior to that change.
We have made a facebook group in tjis regard “IAS AND THE AGE ISSUE”
Do join this, so that we can raise our voice collectively.
Mrunal bhai please allow me to post that link..
https://mrunalmanage.wpcomstaging.com/2014/11/mains-gs2-government-policies-intervention-manufacturing-make-in-india.html/comment-page-1#comment-287157
We are in the movement.. we will not let the government do this.. wse should forward our views to dopt
Sure Shinaaz we are in that process, urge all our co-aspirants to join the group ” IAS AND THE AGE ISSUE” for collective fight. We will not allow the gov. to play with our lives.
Mrunal Sir,
Please clarify if govt. is going to reduce age limit and attempts as I am working in bank and try hard to manage my studies.
This news distracts and is very troublesome.
Regards
neetu
this govt is drunk on power and hubris….look at the german language issue!!! 282 today can easily become 28.2 next time around…..they are mocking the former leader for being reduced to 45 seats odd but if they persist in their idiocy they’ll be back to their 1984 levels of 2-3 seats….and why the hell is goldman sachs butting it’s nose in…the godfather of the 2008 recession has still to come clean on many counts.
the worst part is i voted for the bjp this time backing all this acche din crap and all….and this is how they repay us but cutting opportunities and life chances and shoving a disastrous neoliberal agenda down our throats..
or i think they need a ready factory workforce of pliable “workers” for their PMJDY and make in india schemes….it’s all smash, slash and crash from now on.
Even I am 28 yrs old, bt I dnt think in ur line. Sirf age kam karne ki kya rumour ayi, aap itna gaali dena suru kar diye. We r all shortsighted, 1 problem and we 4get the rest goodies.
dat’s y a few hundreds ruled millions for centuries. We r alys divided 4 our self interest.
Will it remain 32 only in 2015 n 2016.. Plz clarify .. I have left my Job considering 32 years of age
Mrunal bhai plz don’t allow such rumor mongers to post comments. All they do is to divert the attention of serious candidate and distract them. Thanks.
it is would not be done becoz lot of aspirent doing study if gov. take this decision unilateraly by not considering public opinion and opposition recommandation than this gov can’t be called as real democratic but ruling as autocratic. If this dicision implement than this will be great injustice with student those who are studing from long time .And pity injustice with unreserved category for only three attempt.
No matter about obc/st/nt but gov should take wise decision so that lot of would not be faced injustice in attempt matter otherwise instead of no.of attempt to this category and age relaxation should there be real compitition like all must be equal in compititition on without any reservation not any age relaxation .Than this will real compitition. all are equal this will real reformatin inindian socity,.
it is would not be done becoz lot of aspirent doing study if gov. take this decision unilateraly by not considering public opinion and
opposition recommandation than this gov can’t be called as real democratic but ruling as autocratic. If this dicision implement than this wil
l be great injustice with student those who are studing from long time .And pity injustice with unreserved category for only three attempt.
No matter about obc/st/nt but gov should take wise decision so that lot of would not be faced injustice in attempt matter otherwise
instead of no.of attempt to this category and age relaxation should there be real compitition like all must be equal in compititition on
dwithout any reservation not any age relaxation .Than this will real compitition. all are equal this will real reformatin inindian socity,.
hello sir…i m from gujarat..and i have been preparing for upsc from last 2 years..but still i m confused regarding medium of exam..as i heard a lot ab lang biased by upsc…my optional will be gujarati literature ….so plz help me…i want to crack this exam without thinking about my comfort zone…plz guide me sir is it right decision if i choose english as medium of answer.?
BHAI YE KYA HO RAHA HAI ……. MY SENIOR FRNDS R TENSED 4 AGE ISSUE
bhai is baare me speculate karne s ekuch nahi hoga..if this decision came then the maybe judiciary gives 1-2 year grace…and if they not then nohing can be done..only thing in our hand is to study and make this attempt count..
HAHAHA…jugaadpanti…mrunal bhai you rock…
Mrunal ji pls upload forest service gk and ge exam papers which s held on today…
6 sectors req. License – Drugs & pharmaceuticals also.
Instead of getting worried over unverified news (rumours) we should spend our time in more positive manner(studying). No change in UPSC comes so abruptly ( Just last year the age limit was increased). It takes atleast 3 to 4 years. There are elections for some important states in 2016( UP, Bihar etc). Govt would not take risks so early. There is nothing wrong for a commission to give its recommendations.( A young person can be better moulded by Govt to become an AIS officer ) etc. And the ASPIRANTS would definitely give their complete energies for a protest movement should such a step be taken.
there is a direct correlation…many are leaving their bank jobs or not taking up even ibps PO to take up CS preparation…..schemes like PMJDY will take a direct hit because of this…
and this clamour for youth is sickening..it’s not that people 25+ are zombies bought back to life with no understanding or grasp of contemporary issues…they want young burn out prodigies like macaulay culkin or what ?? people like mike hussey will prove that late bloomers also add vital value to society…
Hey all,
Has anyone yet got confirmation on mail of their receipt of CS Mains application? If handed over in person, even then we expect an electronic confirmation, I suppose. I am really worried for not getting a mail from UPSC yet.
Mrunal, can you please guide.
Thanks.
Don’t worry I also haven’t got this time and last year. I went upsc bhavan clarified person “its not mandatory to receive”
My comment is awaiting moderation?i dono y it s happening for me everytime?better u can remove my mge…
Yeah, I got it through mail even though I submitted directly in UPSC. Don’t worry. It will be delivered to you. In the worst case, you must have got the receipt from UPSC if handed over in person. That should be enough to get your admit card for writing mains.
Thanks for d timely article mrunal….brief n relevant.tremendous help for revision
Thanks for the article.
Its really helpful.
Which department does the Industrial design licensing?
Kudai to Mrunal G!!!
focus 30 sectors?? its 25 according to pib