- Prologue
- .vs CSAT 2013
- .vs other exams
- Difficulty level of Agriculture MCQs in CSAT 2014?
- How to approach agriculture for 2015?
- [Act 1] Cropping methods
- [Act 2] Plants/Crops- regions and uses
- [Act 3] Agro Schemes and Policies
Prologue
- First, apologies for the delay. Stupid server broke down, company staff was unhelpful. Ended up
spendingwasting two days to fix the glitch myself. Joker was right, can’t rely on anyone these days. You’ve to do everything yourself. - Anyways, I took the opportunity to fix the theme as well.
- also check the blue (+) icon on top right side. IT allows you to move to other important sites in a hassle free manner.
.vs CSAT 2013
CSAT 2013 | CSAT 2014 |
---|---|
5 questions | 9 questions |
There was a “trend” of asking Algae and fungi bio fertilizer type questions. | Thankfully that lunacy is over. Who has time to mugup such large list? |
Soil conservation, partially available in standard geography books. | Nope. This time not a single MCQ is partially available in any standard reference books. |
Uses of Sugar byproducts- easy question. |
|
- Sidenote: This article contains only agriculture specific questions.
- Questions like photosynthesis, carbon cycle etc- I’ve classified them under science, geography and environment. Their answer keys will be uploaded soon.
.vs other exams
CDS, CAPF | CSAT 2014 |
---|---|
CDS 2014: 2 easy Questions on soil conservation and shifting cultivation. You can see the continuity of ‘soil conservation’ topic from CSAT’13 to CDS’14 | nope |
CAPF 2013: 3 MCQs on agriculture, 1 of them could be solved directly from NCERT. | No question could be solved fully from NCERT. |
CAPF 2014: Pesticide treadmill, bio fortification agents etc. As such very few questions from Agriculture but difficulty level higher than CDS. |
|
Difficulty level of Agriculture MCQs in CSAT 2014?
1.IWDP feature | can be solve easily through elimination. |
1.neem use | Serious player would think twice before ticking it on gutfeeling, unless he is absolutely sure about “biofuel” Usage. |
2.maize use |
|
1. Transgenic crop |
|
2.vegetative propagation |
|
3.region vs crop | Who has to time to mug up all such minor data? And here, gut-feeling may lead to wrong answer. |
4.seed replacement rate | Difficult to solve through elimination. Supply-demand gap concept was given way back in June 2013 frontline. Hard to locate any other sources. |
5.schemes vs ministries |
|
6.sugarcane initiative | Trap question because by ‘gut-feeling’, sustainable = should not be using inorganic fertilizers. But this method uses it! |
How to approach agriculture for 2015?
- Last year, 1061 were selected for IFoS mains but out them only 515 bothered to write the actual mains. Meaning, remaining candidates were focused on Civil service mains.
- Consequently, the hardcore “only-IFoS” type candidates suffered since they couldn’t get tickets to mains because of those “CSE+IfoS” types who did not appear in IFoS mains.
- So perhaps, UPSC adopted this technique of “increased the number & difficulty level of agriculture-environment questions in 2014”, to give them better chance to stand in the competition.
- Thus, 2014’s agro questions were designed as a “Back Strengthening moveTM” for the hardcore “IFoS only” candidates, therefore Civil service exam (CSE) candidates need not worry much.
Long story cut short
For normal “only CSE” aspirants:
- You couldn’t have solved all of these agro question himself- even with all the standard reference books at your disposal.
- For the mains exam, the agriculture topics in GS1 (under geography) and GS3 (under food processing, APMC etc.) – those topics don’t involve such in-depth theory of transgenic crops etc.
- Therefore, cost: benefit is bad, if you begin heavy preparation for these type of MCQs for CSAT-2015.
- You should limit Agriculture preparation to following areas:
class | Subject | chapters |
---|---|---|
7 | Science | 3 & 9 |
8 | Geography | 4 |
Science | 1 | |
9 | Science | 15 |
11 | Geography (India) | 6 |
12 | Geography (Human) | 5 |
Geography (India Land & People) | 5 | |
12 | Biology=> Biotechnology | 11,12 |
- After that, Geography book of Spectrum or Majid Hussain or DR Khullar.
- Agriculture schemes, policies, developments from Hindu, Yojana, PIB
- My [Geography location factors] article series for GS (Mains) Paper 1
- My [Food processing series] for GS (Mains) paper 3
- My [Summary of Economic Survey] Ch8 on Agriculture.
- India Yearbook 2014 Agriculture chapter– nope that chapter has negligible material for exam.
Anyways, let’s start:
[Act 1] Cropping methods
Q1: Transgenic Crops
Consider the following techniques/phenomena:
- Budding and grafting in fruit plants
- Cytoplasmic male sterility
- Gene silencing
Which of the above is/are used to create transgenic crops?
- 1 only
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 3
- None
First of all, what exactly is transgenic crops?
Crops that have genes from other crop species inserted into their genome are called transgenic crops.(Britannica). So what’re the methods to accomplish transgenic crops?
#3 is correct because
Transgenic Crop Plants: Volume 1: Principles and Development By Chittaranjan Kole,Page 188
- …..In this chapter, we’ll focus on RNAi-mediated gene-silencing method available for development of transgenic crop plants…..
- Means Gene silencing can be used to create transgenic crops, otherwise Mr.Chittaranjan wouldn’t bother writing a chapter about it!
This eliminates A and D.
#1 is correct: | #2 is correct: |
---|---|
Transgenic plants: Leandro Pena, Page 182He has described the procedure for creating transgenic “oranges”:
Therefore, yes, Budding-grafting can be used for making transgenic fruit crops. |
|
Answer C: 1 and 3 only. | answer B: 2 and 3 correct |
Final answer: I’ve my leanings towards “C” but UPSC’s official answerkey will be the judge..
Q2: Vegetative propagation
Which of the following statements is / are correct regarding vegetative propagation of plants?
- Vegetative propagation produces clonal population.
- Vegetative propagation helps in eliminating the virus.
- Vegetative propagation can be practiced most of the year.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 1 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Statement 1 is right because:
- NCERT Class7 Science, ch12, page 135: plants produced by vegetative propagation are exact copies of the parent plant, as they’re produced from a single parent.
- For more scientific explanation: Biology of the Grapevine By Michael G. Mullins Page 205
- Vegetative propagation involves only mitosis, this ensures that the genetic information in DNA of vegetative progeny (child) is same as in the mother plant.
- And by definition, a clone is a population of plants -all members of which are the descendants by vegetative propagation of a single individual.
Statement 2 is wrong because
- Vegetative propagation is an important horticulture practice, but it is also, unfortunately, a very effective method for perpetuating and spreading viruses.
- A plant once systematically infected with a virus, usually remains infected for its lifetime. Thus any vegetative parts taken for propagation, such as tubers, bulbs, corms, runners and cuttings, will normally be infected.
- Ref: Comparative Plant Virology By Roger Hull Page 225
- Plant Pathology by George Agrios page 419 says the same story
- Seed-borne plant virus diseases, K Subramanya Sastry page 286 says the same story
Counterview: NCERT class12 biotech chapter says it immunizes against common infection.
Mrunal: as such I give NCERT source first preference over others but in this case, I still go with those academic books’ version because it seems these years’ agro MCQ is set by “hardcore” academic professor.
Therefore statement#2 is wrong, this eliminates option B and D.
- 1 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
So, final answer boils down to whether statement 3 is right or wrong?
Statement 3 is right because
Vebatim statement given in ‘Fruits for the Future, RK Arora, Page6’
Therefore, answer C only 1 and 3.
OR (D) 1,2 and 3. Depending on which version UPSC accepts for this one-NCERT’s or those agro college books.
[Act 2] Plants/Crops- regions and uses
Q1: Region vs Produce
Region | Well-known for the production of |
---|---|
1. Kinnaur (Himachal) | Areca nut |
2. Mewat (Haryana) | Mango |
3. Coromandel (TN-Andhra) | Soya bean |
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
- 1 and 2 only
- 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
- None
In the question table, I’ve added the states in bracket for better mental picture. Now let’s begin…
#1: Kinnaur (Himachal): Arecanut is Wrong because
- In India it is grown in Karnataka, Kerala, Assam, Maharashtra, West Bengal and parts of Tripura. (Ref: Hindu 2012)
- Areca nut mostly confined to Karnataka, Kerala and Assam. (Ref: IOSR Journal of Agriculture 2013)
This eliminates A and C.
#3: Coromandel- Soybean wrong because
- In this map of India, Soya growing regions are outside the Coromandel Coast
- Top two producers are Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra Economic Times 22 May 2014:
This eliminates B and C. Thus we get answer (D)
Counterview:
- Some websites say Soybean also cultivated in Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. It’s not asking about “largest area” but “famous area” So, #3 is right, Coromandel also part of it.
- Mrunal: I’m leaned towards (D) but again, UPSC’s official answerkey
Q2: Maize utility
Consider the following statements :
- Maize can be used for the production of starch.
- Oil extracted from maize can be a feedstock for biodiesel.
- Alcoholic beverages can be produced by using maize.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only.
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
by common knowledge, all three are right but for the sake of proof:
Maize used in | Right because |
---|---|
Alcoholic beverages |
|
Starch production |
|
Therefore, answer is D: 1, 2 and 3 correct.
Q3: Neem tree uses of:
With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements:
- Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites.
- Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents.
- Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical industry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Neem used in | Right / wrong |
---|---|
pesticide | Yes, Times of India |
Biofuel, hospital detergents |
|
Pharmaceutical | yes, same Times of India |
Therefore, answer (d) 1, 2, 3
[Act 3] Agro Schemes and Policies
Q1: Seed replacement rate
In the context of food and nutritional security of India, enhancing the ‘Seed Replacement Rates’ of various crops helps in achieving the food production targets of the future. But what is/are the constraint/ constraints in its wider / greater implementation?
- There is no National Seeds Policy in place.
- There is no participation of private sector seed companies in the supply of quality seeds of vegetables and planting materials of horticultural crops.
- There is a demand-supply gap regarding quality seeds in case of low value and high volume crops.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 1 and 2
- 3 only
- 2 and 3
- None
Let’s check
- We do have a National Seed policy made in 2002.
- So #1 is not a constrain, This eliminates A.
- There is a lot of pvt sector participation. Ref2:
- Therefore #2 doesn’t pose constrain. This eliminates C
Now all depends on whether #3 is right or wrong?
Frontline article from 2013
Public sector | A highlight of seed production by the public sector, which enjoys a 51 per cent market share of the organised sector in terms of value, is that it produces a high volume of low-cost seeds. |
Private sector | The private sector, on the other hand, produces high-priced seeds but in lower volume. It supplies nearly the entire hybrid seeds required for vegetables. |
Demand-Supply |
|
Since, wheat and rice = low value, high value crops. Therefore, we can see third statement is correct “There is a demand-supply gap regarding quality seeds in case of low value and high volume crops.” Therefore, answer B: only 2 correct.
Q2: IWDP
What are the benefits of implementing the ‘Integrated Watershed Development Programme’?
- Prevention of soil runoff
- Linking the country’s perennial rivers with seasonal rivers
- Rainwater harvesting and recharge of groundwater table
- Regeneration of natural vegetation
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 1 and 2 only
- 2, 3 and 4 only
- 1, 3 and 4 only
- 1, 2, 3 and 4
Linking rivers = not an objective of IWDP program. Therefore #2 is wrong, this eliminates A, B, D. The remaining statements are right as per Department of land resources webpage. Therefore, answer(c) 1,3,4 only
Q3: Sustainable Sugarcane
What are the significances of a practical approach to sugarcane production known as ‘Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative’?
- Seed cost is very low in this compared to the conventional method of cultivation.
- Drip irrigation can be practiced very effectively in this.
- There is no application of chemical/ inorganic fertilizers at all in this.
- The scope for intercropping is more in this compared to the conventional method of cultivation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 4 only
- 2, 3 and 4 only
- 1, 2, 3 and 4
As per TN Agro university webpage: NPK (fertilizers) can be applied at the rate of 112 kg, 25 kg and 48 kg per acre, respectively through inorganic or organic methods. Hence statement #3 is wrong, this eliminates A, C and D. therefore, answer (B) 1,2,4 only
Q4: Program vs ministry
Programme/ Project | Ministry |
---|---|
1. Drought-Prone Area Programme | of Agriculture |
2. Desert Development Programme | of Environment and Forests |
3. National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas | of Rural Development |
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
- 1 and 2 only
- 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
- None
Ans: None of the above
- 1 and 2 are wrong. Both are under Min. of Rural Dev.
- 3 is wrong: Rainfed area is under Min. of Agri. (Integrated watershed is under Rural Development).
- Therefore answer is D none are correctly matched.
For more answerkeys, visit Mrunal.org/answerkeys.
I dont know from where UPSC asks such questions. After reading/mugging up so much still many questions are out of sight.
Lot to study to cover questions asked by UPSC.
nice explanations as usual. Hats off Mrunal Sir.
Out of 9 i got 7 right. Brainful guessing works.
That”s not going to be easy and rational. Moreover the news hasn’t appeared in any of the leading English dailies. Navbharat Times’ reliability can ofcourse be questioned in this regard.
The logic for this move given in the newspaper is also absurd. This year’s topper Gaurav Agrawal is 29-30 but with age what he brings into ‘Services’ is his exceptional academic background (IIT+IIM), years of work experience, and familiarity with work culture of one of the most developed regions of the world i.e Hong Kong. Is this someway going to hamper our country?
Sir, answr to q2 (related to vegetative propagation) will be D, ie all statements are correct. Modern techniques of tissue culture, which is a form of vegetative reproduction, are used to eliminate virus infections.
i also agree with you there is a technique called meristem vegigataive propagation which eliminates virus
lets see whats the upsc answer
hoping that ncert is true
Yes sir he is right Meristem part of the plant is used to eliminate virus from the plant throuh tissue culture but i have the confusion whether the tissue culture will come under vegitative propagation or not so plz check sir. answer may be D only.
Always go by official press notes/circulars/websites brother.the place is for serious player who dont panic by newspaper stories.
thanks Gaurav….but such type of news really gives a SHOCK….
Anand bhai……. it was the old story so dont panic slay focused. If that happens we hv an institute named sc. I bet ant changes regarding age and attempt can only be introduced w.e.f. future date.
sorry sir,bt vegetative propagation is used for virus elimination,being a biology student m saying ths.meristem culture,apomixis both r used for virus elimination.they r types of vegetative propagation.ncert class 12th clearly mentions ths that meristem culture for virus elimination.
I agreed by apomixis virus elimination can be done..
achha joke tha!
In transgenic crops only statement 3 is correct. Since there is no individual statement 3 option is there. Answer is d.
yes….only 3 is correct choice so hence it left us with option d
This age reduction rumor has been in the market since a long time bhai so don’t worry. nothing going to happen.
mehul.. i think this is age of reform.. So i believe this will be implemented either in 2016 or 2017. But 2015 is too near to be implemented. Moreover the new govt has decided to give one more attempt to those who appeared in 2011. So, even by that reason, this will not be implemented in 2015 at least. But, I think it will be announced this year and will be implemented from 2016 or 2017. Also, there will be protests to take it to 2016 like last times.
So, those preparing for 2015 should keep preparing inspite of 30 or 32.
Hope this will happen cause i am also crossing 30 this year and this was my first attempt and i decided to take it cause of increased age to 32. Lol.
Keep preparing and hope for the best.
same situation here.
me too tensed.
if any have authentic info, plzzzz do share & help us….
:-(
India newa me b a gaya
dont worry friend. keep preparing for the exam……rumors are meant to be scared ,take them light and focus on your mains and other exams(if you are writing). i’ve been listening to such rumors since 2009
If they go ahead with this one it will be a pretty stupid thing to do, specially after increasing the age and attempts a year earlier..BUT governments are known to do stupid things from time to time… so you can never be too sure.
Factor political reasons into it as well, they might manipulate and use it towards the end of their regime in 2019. Personally speaking, I don’t think it’s a good idea and they would refrain from doing that!
yah thats right bt dnt gt so upset with these rumors which wll best by clarified by upsc notification next yr.Use ur time and energy to clear all stages next yr bcoz upsc is increasing its level and competition is getting more of cut throat .continue ur prepration
for CSE 14 and CSE 15 for General category Age limit-32
Its official Notification– http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=103459
Good Luck
Radhika I am fully agreed with your comment
Regarding the Age / attempt issue of UPSC , this new Govt. may think something, this is sure because the new Govt. is changing the old Govt. structure /system thoroughly in search of so called Good Governance , so that new Govt. can take credit of his efforts , Planning Commission’s restructuring / re- organizing is an example… On other side the 2nd ARC (Virappa Moliy commission) has been recommend the following points…..
2nd ARC (10th Report on Personnel Administration Recommendations )
a. The permissible age for appearing in the Civil Services Examination should be 21 to 25 years for general candidates, 21 to 28 years for candidates from OBC and 21 to 29 years for candidates from SC/ST as also for those who are physically challenged.
b. The number of permissible attempts in the Civil Services Examination should be 3, 5, 6 and 6 respectively for general candidates, candidates from OBC, candidates from SC/ST and physically challenged candidates respectively.
c. The present cut-off date for determining the eligibility in terms of age (i.e. 1st of August in the year of the examination) may continue.
Structure of Examination: Some more on structure of exam of UPSC is also availabe in the 10th report…
just go through…the follwoing link..
1. http://arc.gov.in/10th/ARC_10thReport_Ch5.pdf (for english version)
2. http://arc.gov.in/arc_10th_report_hindi.pdf (for hindi version.)
in my view the new Govt. may adopt some recommendation of 2nd ARC……there is no surprise….
Mrunal Sir,
Transgenic Plants- are one which are prepared by inducing foreign gene in to it.. so answer shiuld be NONE since no technique listed involves foreign gene , that is gene from one plant transferred to the other plant.
thanx
Sir firstly thanx for ur guidance.. Regarding ques of transgenic crops i found a link
http://www.birac.nic.in/cfp_view.php?id=11 where it is specifically given on a govt website….Use of RNAi based gene silencing and cytoplasmic male sterility techniques to raise transgenic crops under the heading priority areas of agriculture..
Amit,it is a research project. No specific result has been found nor used on extensive scale yet.
I think UPSC is changing Q pattern in paper 1 bcz no one can follow it and not even a single question match with Coaching Test Series. They made paper 2 decisive to Gateway of MAINS.
Sir,
Please clarify for transgenic plants. your answer is wrong.
Hello mrunal, i hav doubt on transgenic related question .cgms and budding grafting use in plant breeding for getting high yeild variety and simillaly gene silencing is like knowk down the dominate character of any gene it possible when both allel should be recessive. While transgenic mean insertion of gene of different species into other like bt in bt cotton ,a gene of bacteria into plant intraspecies. So answer will be none.
For 3 degree question from environment —
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms3.html
Website looks great,especially the font size.
Many thanks for the RELIABLE and AUTHENTIC answer keys sir.
God bless you.
The word manufacture means mass production or industrial scale production . Neem seeds are not yet used to manufacture biofuel. The process is still in the laboratory/trial run. Mustard oil can also be used as biofuel but we don’t say that mustard oil is used in the manufacture of biofuel. A mineral is a mineral until it is an ore.
Yes, Regarding this Q , detergents portion is absolutely correct but “manufacturing” term is confuising.
I can’t find any credible link for Neem seeds being used for hospital detergents. Can you provide me >?
Sir ,
Please write a detailed new article on ” How to approach GS4 (ethics , integrity , aptitude)” . Please tell us how to practice case studies,
since u have written last article on gs papers strategy , many new books have come in the market , please help us in selecting right material/ approach.
“coachingswallas” are charging too much for this paper only .
Break the back of coaching walls.
Sir ,
Please write a detailed new article on ” How to approach GS4 (ethics , integrity , aptitude)” . Please tell us how to practice case studies,
since u have written last article on gs papers strategy , many new books have come in the market , please help us in selecting right material/ approach.
coachingswallas are charging too much for this paper only .
Mrunal sir please have a look in this link at point number 7. Central Government organisation hai
http://www.birac.nic.in/cfp_view.php?id=19
from the link :
7. Use of RNAi based gene silencing and cytoplasmic male sterility techniques to raise transgenic crops.
All the methods mentioned in transgenic plants MCQ are used to propagate the already existing transgenic plants but they are not used to create transgenic plants.
Neem oil has very strong smell and by smell i mean very bad smell .
so how can it be used in hospitals as a detergent ?
If they use then it can be only in a mixture with some other detergent and we are not clear as per question that it is talking about neem oil only or its use as a mixture.
anyways bhaadh me jae in sabhi questions ki wajah se mujhe laga ki mujhe pura paper aata hai or har jagah 1 only, 2 only ,1 and 2 only ne band baja di.. why for ias there is UPSC only !
Thanks alot Sir
Don’t know how to prepare for these type of questions
Thanks for the the article Mrunal. I am writing this comment to congratulate you for this awesome new design of website. And I dont think I have to thank for the work you are doing for aspirants like me who are not taking coaching,for that we will be eternally grateful to you.
People are saying cutoff can go around 210, and I am expecting 185+. Shall I prepare for mains or use my time for other activities ?
Use time to prepare for next year Prelims and mains at the same time. At least thats what i am doing
same here bro
Yr bt due to large no. Of candidates the cut off may b nearer to 230
if you are OBC category then prepare for mains…………for general cutoff will be 195+
Do anyone have any idea regarding IB ACIO-2014 notification date? Plz rply…
Sir, sach me upsc ne baja daali, upar se kuchh topper logo ki salah ki ‘maximum question attempt karo ‘ ne aag me ghi ka kaam kiya…
I suggest you to start preparing for mains-14 syllabus which is common for prelims as well, so that it will be helpful for next year in case if you are not through this time…
Hey Mrunal and others,
I will be 30 this year, and this was my first attempt. I decided to take exam owing to increased attempt in UPSC. I had decided to take two attempts. I left my job 2 months before prelims and was hoping to crack in second attempt.
According to notification by GOI this year, age limit was extended to 32 for general candidates. This year i dont think i am qualifying prelims due to trying to opt as many questions as possible and environment shot me down.
Now this Navbharat times news says that the age will be reduced to 26 for general from 2015. Though i have started my preperation for 2015 prelims, I am in a fix.
What should I do?? Feeling anxious.
same situation here.
me too tensed.
if any have authentic info, plzzzz do share & help us….
:-(
Hi Radhika,
Do not listen to these rumors because they just mislead people. Wait for UPSC notification or govt. direction about age. Also, you can only do one thing, which is in your control- prepare the best you can.
Best wishes!
Thanks.. hoping for the best
Ya, it was proposed by Nigavekar Committee, but that’s not gonna happen soon, This year only UPSC or Dept. of Personnel Increased the Age Limit and Attempt. So it will take much time for that age limit to happen.
Prepare Well, Cheers !!!
2015 … Not possible… Modi sahab ne toh abhi 2011 all out walon ko 2015 mein chance diya hai…. Fikar not… Prep.
I am sorry to hear that Radhika. I am too in your shoes. I was working in very good position in one of the world leading MNC. But going to ias has always been my childhood dream. So left job and started preparing for it. Now my age is still below 26 but this dictator upsc is so cruel that no one can say what will happen next or which cat will come out of its bag. Now your are in a very confused situation It’s hard to go through your emotions but still don’t loose hope until official notification comes out and keep preparing hard for prelims ’15. Do join good test series to keep a barometer for your prep level. Vajiram is good or you may see others too. Meanwhile god forbids in case if it does happen than don’t be sad and prepare for cat nims iift etc if you are not pgdm or mba. You can still try this year to give it and see your standing. Cat level prep helps in paper 2.
I am very sure you will go through it and your work ex will be helpful. And if you don’t want to go for corporate then you still have good number of chances in state psc exams. So don’t loose hope . If one door closes 10 others open. Dont be sad. All the best for future and pre results.