Current Affairs for UPSC: Economy banking and finance from November Week4: Digital Bank, inverted duty structure in GST, SDG Urban India Index & More

EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: Collins Dictionary’s “Word of the Year” for 2021 is “NFT” — an abbreviation that stands for “non-fungible token” An NFT, according to Collins Dictionary, is a “unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible”. Already covered in Mrunal’s Free Win21 Lecture Series LAST LECTURE: 🔖Unlock Free content with Code: ‘Mrunal.org’ Its Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download
⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: El Salvador had became first country in the world to adopt bitcoin as legal tender. Now it plans world’s first ‘Bitcoin City’. This would get geothermal power from a volcano and not levy any taxes except for value added tax (VAT). 🤔Points to Reflect: Salvador public is not very happy with Bitcoin but President seems to be very keen perhaps to get election funding from tax-evaders from other nations who’d use such place as tax haven/money laundering. (ये अल साल्वाडोर के राष्ट्रपति ने का भी गंजेडी इलोंन मस्क की तरह रोज का नौटंकी चलते रहेता है – बिटकोईन के बारे में )
EcoPill1A1-Digital Payments: RBI wants amendment in Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, to launch a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). Already covered in Mrunal’s Free Win21 Lecture Series. https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-1a-rbis-monetary-policy/01NKBYT9 (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-1a-rbis-monetary-policy/01NKBYT9) 🔖Unlock Free content with Code: ‘Mrunal.org’ Its Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download (रिज़र्व बैंक क़ानून में संशोधन की माँग की ताकि केन्द्रीय बैंक डिजिटल मुद्रा जारी की जा सकी)
EcoPill1B1-Bank classification: NITI Aayog proposed setting up full-stack ‘digital banks’. This will be new type of banks under the banking regulation act instead of physical branches they will mostly rely on internet services for delivering banking services to help in financial inclusion (नीति आयोग ने ऐसा प्रस्तावित किया है कि नए क़िस्म के डिजिटल बैंक बनाए जाएं जो की भौतिक भौगोलिक रूप से ब्रांच न हो किन्तु इंटरनेट के ज़रिए बैंकिंग सुविधा देते इसे गाँव गाँव तक वित्तीय समावेशन में मदद मिलेगी)
EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: If a Bank fails: Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC, statutory corporation found by reserve bank of India, headquarter Mumbai) gives a depositor maximum Rs 5 lakh per account as insurance cover (Before 2021 this limit was Rs.1,00,000). Deposits in public and private sector banks, local area banks, small finance banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, Indian branches of foreign banks and payments banks are all insured by the DICGC. The premium is paid by banks to the DICGC is currently pay a minimum of 12 paise on every Rs 100 worth deposits. 🤔 In News because of draft plan for Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative (PMC) Bank merging with Unity Small Finance Bank Ltd (USFB)- how DICGC will help the depositors. ⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ PHD NOT IMP because UPSC-CDS had asked a very simple one-liner on PMC. (यदि बैंक बंद हो जाए तो जमाकर्ता को उसकी डिपॉज़िट पर पाँच लाख रुपये तक का बीमा/मुआवज़ा DICGC संस्था द्वारा दिया जाता है। पंजाब महाराष्ट्र कोऑपरेटिव बैंक में इसे लागू करने का एक मसौदा रिज़र्व बैंक ने जारी किया है।)
EcoPill1B2:Bad Loans: Crossborder Insolvency: IBC Code 2016- currently does not allow for automatic recognition of any insolvency proceedings in other countries. So, MINISTRY of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has published a draft framework for cross border insolvency proceedings based on the UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) model under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. ⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ let Economic Survey 2022 comment. सीमा पार दिवालियापन का वही घिसा-पिटा राग चल रहा है
EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: An inverted duty structure in GST arises when the taxes on output or final product is lower than the taxes on inputs, creating an inverse accumulation of input tax credit- then government has to refund the GST to the business man. e.g. (Input) Fibre 18% GST+yarn 12% GST → final output (apparel) pe 5% GST (if Price of the shirt/pants etc upto ₹1000). 😍Solution Taken: A Uniform 12% GST on manmade fibre (MMF), yarn, fabrics and apparels, footwear. (जीएसटी में एक उल्टा शुल्क संरचना: यदि कच्चे माल जेसे के कपड़ा ख़रीद पर उधयोगपति ने 18 पर्सेंट जीएसटी टैक्स देना पड़े और उसमें से तैयार किए गए पतलून की बिक्री पर 5% GST लगता हो तो, तो असल में सरकार ने उसे (-)13% GST refund देना होगा। इस माथापच्ची से बचने के लिए कपड़ा-जुते के कच्चे माल और अंतिम उत्पाद पर एक समान 12% जीएसटी लगाया जाएगा )
EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: Indian govt levies 2% equalisation levy / google tax on foreign companies dealing with digital advertisement and e-commerce supply of services in India (e.g. Facebook, google-adsense, Netflix, Adobe photoshop online subscription, Microsoft’s Office365) etc. American government was unhappy with this so they were threatening to punish India (by imposing more taxes on Indian goods and services in USA). 🤔 2021-Oct: 136 countries, including India, agreed to enforce a minimum corporate tax rate of 15 per cent on profits of big companies in markets where they are earned. This deal requires countries to remove all digital services tax/Equalisation levy/google tax and other similar unilateral measures. 😍 So, India and USA agreed for a transitional approach from 2022-24. Basically India to phased out/remove 2% Equalisation levy/google tax & then India will be eligible to charge 15% Global minimum tax on those companies’ profit made in India & USA will not take punishment action against Indian goods and services. Global minimum tax Already covered in Mrunal’s Free Win21 Lecture Series Its Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download (भारत में डिजिटल विज्ञापन और डिजिटल सेवा देने वाली विदेशी कंपनियों पर भारत सरकार 2 प्रतिशत Equalisation levy माँगती थी- जिसे गूगल टैक्स भी कहा जाता है। अमेरिकी सरकार इसे नाराज़ थीं और भारत को सजा देने के लिए भारतीय के सामान पर अमेरिका में ज़्यादा टैक्स लगाएंगे ऐसी धमकी भी दे रही थी हालाँकि जी सेवन समूह के वैश्विक न्यूनतम कर ढांचे के अंतर्गत है ऐसी विदेशी बहुराष्ट्रीय कम्पनियों पर भी जहाँ पर भी धंधा करते है उसी स्थान पर १५% टेक्ष लगेगा। अमेरिका ने इसे माना है बशर्ते कि भारत ने गूगल टैक्स हटाना होगा। पूरा काम चरणबद्ध रूप से अगले दो तीन सालों में होने वाला है। )
EcoPill2-Budget Taxation: strategic disinvestment/ Privatisation: Alternative Mechanism — comprising Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari and Minister of State (Independent charge) for Science and Technology Jitendra Singh — approved “the highest price bid” for 100% shares’ strategic sale of government stake in CEL. Central Electronics Ltd (CEL, 1974) operates in four key areas — railway safety & signalling systems, defence (strategic) electronics, solar photovoltaics, and security surveillance solutions. New divestment policy of govt is Already covered in Mrunal’s Free Win21 Lecture Series- https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-2cdsubsidydeficits/7DSB011Y (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-2cdsubsidydeficits/7DSB011Y) 🔖Unlock Free content with Code: ‘Mrunal.org’. Its Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download सामरिक विनिवेश के अंतर्गत एक सरकारी कम्पनी को बेच दिया
EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade: GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) it is an American system under which USA gives import tax concessions to 3rd world countries but Donald Trump had removed India from this list setting protectionism against Harley Davidson and other American companies in India. Now talks for revival. जीएसपी- एक अमरीकी प्रणाली है जिसके अंतर्गत तीसरे विश्व के देशों से अमेरिका बेचे होने वाले सामानों पर अमेरिकी सरकार कम आयात कर लगाती है। हालाँकि राष्ट्रपति डॉनल्ड ट्रंप के ज़माने में भारत को इस सूची से हटाया गया था- क्योंकि भारतीय सरकार ने संरक्षणवाद के चलते अमेरिकी हार्लि-डेविडसन मोटरसाइकिल पर बोहोत ज़्यादा टैक्स लगाया था, यानी कि अमरीका द्वारा आयात किए जाने वाले कुछ भारतीय सामान पर आयात कर रियायतें बंद की गई थी। तो वापस सूचीबद्ध करने के लिए चर्चा चल रही है।
EcoPill3-BoP/Intl-Trade: WORLD Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial conference was to be held in Geneva,Swiz. But WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala postponed it due to Omicron strain of Covid-19 virus → many countries have imposed lock downs in travel restrictions so all ministers may not be able to attend. (हालाँकि विश्व व्यापार संगठन की मंत्रिपरिषद स्विट्ज़रलैंड के जिनीवा शहर में होने वाली थी लेकिन कोरोना वायरस के नए ओमिक्रोन स्वरूप के चलते कई देशों ने यातायात पर प्रतिबंध लगाए हैं इसलिए सभी देश के मंत्री इस जीनिवा सम्मेलन में हाज़िरी नहीं दे पाएंगे इसलिए सम्मेलन को अभी स्थगित किया गया है)
EcoPill2-BoP/Intl-Trade: Importer Exporter Code (IEC) is a key business identification number that is mandatory for exports or imports. Issued by Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT, Commerce Ministry). 😥 many importer/exporters who created accounts are deactive since 2014. They have not submitted the latest address proof etc. Then use dormant account numbers misused by Narco smugglers/Tax evaders. So, DGFT makings tough rules ordering traders to update account details. (जिन आयात-कर्ता, निर्यात कर्ताऑ ने २०१४ के बाद अपने व्यापार के दस्तावेज सरकार ने नहीं जमा करवाए थे तो उनका पंजीकरण-नम्बर रद्द होगा इसके साथ ही क्योंकि इस प्रकार की निष्क्रिय पंजीकरण नंबरो का तस्करी/करचोरी मे दुरुपयोग हो rha हे। )
EcoPil4A-Agro: Union Govt currently announces the MSPs of 23 crops: 7 cereals (paddy, wheat, maize, bajra, jowar, ragi, barley); 5 pulses (chana, tur/arhar, moong, urad, masur), 7 oilseeds (rapeseed-mustard, groundnut, soyabean, sunflower, sesamum, safflower, nigerseed); and 4 commercial crops (sugarcane, cotton, copra, raw jute). While the MSPs technically ensure a minimum 50% return on all cultivation costs, these are largely on paper. Separately on sugarcane, union government announce fare & remunerative price (FRP)- which sugar mill owner is legally compelled to give to farmer. But such legal right non-existent in MSP. Uski long winded explained series given in IndianExpress किसानों को फसलों पर न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य दिया जाए उसकी वही सब पुरानी बातों का पुनरावर्तन
EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation: United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has adopted a resolution to graduate three nations-Lao, Bangladesh and Nepal, from the least developed country (LDC) category to the developing country grouping. This will be done after five years. 😥 no longer duty quota free access exports in WTO 😥 no longer soft-loans from World Bank 😥 no longer concessions in the Climate change deals. 😍 growing economy will attract investments from FDI/FII. More theory & WHY/HOW GDP, Bangladesh MODEL is not more MAHAAAN than India- is Already covered in free lecture https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-pillar4cgdpinflationunemployment/3QMO5EOP (https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-pillar4cgdpinflationunemployment/3QMO5EOP) Mrunal’s Free Win21 Lecture Series It’s Handout available at https://mrunal.org/download (बांग्लादेश नेपाल और लाओ को अति पिछड़े देशों की सूची में से हटाया गया. यानी कि उनकी अर्थतंत्र विकसित हो रही है अब वे विकासशील देशों की श्रेणी में आएंगे इसके कुछ फ़ायदे और नुक़सान भी है। जैसे कि अब उनके निर्यात पर अन्य देशों द्वारा टैक्स में रियायत नहीं दी जाएगी उन्हें विश्व बैंक से सस्ते ब्याज पर कर्ज़ नहीं मिलेगा उन्हें प्रदूषण और जलवायु परिवर्तन के अंतरराष्ट्रीय संधियों को मानना होगा इत्यादि। हालाँकि फ़ायदा ये है कि उबरते हुए अर्थतंत्र को देखते हुए वहाँ विदेशी निवेश में बढ़ोतरी होगी जिससे रोज़गार के नए अवसर उनकी स्थानीय जनता को मिलेंगे।)
EcoPil4C-GDP/Inflation/Unemployment: Wage Rate Index (WRI) prepared by Labour Bureau, an attached office of the Ministry of Labour. Surveys/Monitors the wages across various industries. 😥 BEFORE: Base year 1963-65. 😍 AFTER: Base year 2016. Added more number of industry in the survey list- e.g. synthetic textiles, textile garments, printing and publishing, footwear, petroleum, chemical & gases, fertilizers, drugs & medicines, 😍 This database will be helpful in designing the minimum wages under the new wage code law. (वेतन दर सूचकांक जिसमें श्रम मंत्रालय कि ऑफ़िस द्वारा विविध उद्योगों में वेतन का क्या दर चल रहा है उसका सर्वेक्षण किया जाए और उस हिसाब से न्यूनतम वेतन की दरों में सुधार किया जाए। लेकिन इस सर्वेक्षण का आधार वर्ष 60 के ज़माने का था जिसे बदलकर अब २०१६ किया गया है तथा पहले से ज़्यादा उद्योगों का सर्वेक्षण भी किया जाएगा)
EcoPil5-INFRA: -Energy: INDIA IS set to release 5 million barrels of crude oil from its strategic reserves as part of a coordinated move along with the US, China, Japan and South Korea aimed at lowering international prices. The US will release 50 million barrels of crude oil from its reserves as part of the effort. (भारत अमेरिका चीन जापान दक्षिण कोरिया सहित अलग अलग देशों ने संयुक्त रूप से तय किया है कि अपने अपने देश के सामरिक पेट्रोलियम भंडार से ही संग्रहित कच्चा तेल निकालेंगे ताकि उसकी सप्लाई आपूर्ति बड़े और दाम क़ाबू में रहे। )
EcoPil5-INFRA: BHARAT GAURAV SCHEME: Pvt operators can lease, run trains on tour circuit. with the freedom to decide routes, fares and quality of services under a new scheme called Bharat Gaurav. Anyone — societies, trusts, consortia and even state governments (भारत गौरव योजना के अंतर्गत निजी क्षेत्र के ऑपरेटर भी किराये पर सरकारी ट्रेन लेकर पर्यटन स्थलों पर उसे चलाए)
EcoPil5-INFRA: PPP in Airport: UPPSC exam ke liye: Noida International Airport at Jewar in Uttar PradeshPM laid foundation. It’s owned by Noida International Airport Limitedin which UP government has 35%, Noida Authority 35%, Greater Noida Industrial Authority 12.5% while Yamuna Expressway Industrial Authority has 12.5% share holding. Within that Yamuna Expressway Industrial Authority is owned by Zurich International Airport AG Companyand they’ll be building the airport. UP State govt leased them land for 90 years.
NITI Aayog’s first Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) Urban India Index 2021-22: Top 10 urban areas are Shimla, Coimbatore, Chandigarh, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Panaji, Pune, Tiruchirappalli, Ahmedabad and Nagpur. The bottom 10 urban areas are Dhanbad, Meerut, Itanagar, Guwahati, Patna, Jodhpur, Kohima, Agra, Kolkata and Faridabad. This dashboard developed with the Indo-German Development Cooperation. For each SDG, the urban areas are ranked on a scale of 0-100. A score of 100 implies that the urban area has achieved the targets set for 2030; a score of 0 implies that it is the farthest from achieving the targets. Previously NITI Aayog’s SDG Index for STATES covered under Already covered in Mrunal’s Free Win21 Lecture Series available at mrunal.org/download नीति आयोग का सतत् विकास लक्ष्य शहरी भारत सूचकांक 2021
Smart Cities project by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) → Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs) to enable authorities to monitor the status of various amenities in real time, were initially aimed at controlling and monitoring water and power supply, sanitation, traffic movement, integrated building management, city connectivity and Internet infrastructure. They will now also monitor various other parameters and is also linked to the CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Networks and Systems) network under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). स्मार्ट सिटी योजना के अंतर्गत शहरों में एकीकृत आदेश और नियंत्रण केंद्र बनाए जाएंगे- जिसकी अधिकारी बिजली पानी सड़क पुलिस इत्यादि पर अच्छे से डिजिटल निगरानी कर सके
Swachh Bharat Mission Swachh Survekshan 2021 by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs MoHUA. A) cities with over 10 lakh population: Rank1-INDORE (fifth consecutive year), 2-Surat and 3-Vijaywada. B) Varanasi emerged as the ‘Best Ganga Town’ while Ahmedabad Cantonment won the title of ‘India’s Cleanest Cantonment’. C) under the Prerak Daaur Samman, a new performance category introduced under Swachh Survekshan 2021, five cities – Indore, Surat, Navi Mumbai, New Delhi Municipal Council and Tirupati were categorized as ‘Divya’ (Platinum).
EcoPill6: HRD: National Family Health Survey (NHFS-5), released by Health ministry: 1) Total fertility rate has declined: On an average, a woman in India was likely to bear 2.7 children in her lifetime (2005). This TFR ⏬ to 2.2 (2015) and now ⏬ 2(as per latest NFHS). Thus, NHFS-5 indicates that the country has taken the first step towards an outright reduction in population. 2) ⏫ in women using bank accounts, phones. Beyond that ⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ until 📙📙ES22 released next year. राष्ट्रीय परिवार स्वास्थ्य सर्वेक्षण में पाया गया कि महिलाओं के कुल प्रजनन दर में कमी आयी है
Heath: “palliative care”: “the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment (e.g. death imminent in cancer). Then patient is taken at home. Drugs for control of pain, combined with psychological, social and spiritual councelling for patients and their families.” 😥 Challenges in India 1) Non-communicable diseases like cancer are on the rise. At present, in India, we have 30 lakh (3 million) people with cancer at any given time. 2) Reluctance of people to get timely check-ups during the pandemic, the number of people presenting with advanced cancers in the coming days is likely to swell. 3) They will need palliative support. But, Palliative care is almost non-existent at the grassroots in India. There is a lack of trained personnel, restricted access to opioids for pain control. प्रशामक देखभाल- यानी कि जब मरीज़ की मौत निश्चित हो तो उसे अस्पताल से घर वापस भेज दिया जाए और केवल दर्द शमन और मनोवैज्ञानिक आध्यात्मिक सांत्वना दी जाए। भारत में बढ़ते हुए कैंसर के मामलों के चलते इसकी ज़रूरत है किन्तु इस प्रकार की पेशेवर लोगों की कमी और दर्दशमन के नाम पर केवल अफ़ीम आधारित दवाइयों का उपयोग एक समस्या है।
EcoPill6: HRD: Hunger Malnutrition: National Food Security Act 2013 gives 5 kg foodgrains to the poor at subsidised rate (1-2-3 rs per kg for coarse grain, wheat, rice respectively.) Corona-2020: PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojna (PMGKAY)- means in addition to the subsidised 5kg grains, Government will also give extra 5kg foodgrains for FREE. Scheme has been extended till March 2022. Boss? Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (कोरोना के दौरान ग़रीबों को पाँच किलो अनाज मुफ़्त दिया जाए ऐसे ही प्रधानमंत्री ग़रीब कल्याण अन्न योजना को कुछ समय के लिए जारी रखा जाएगा)
EcoPill6: HRD: Poverty estimation: Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the UN Development Programme. Using 10 Questions across 3-Dimensions (– health, education, and standard of living). Now NITI Aayo also prepared India’s own first ever MPI Index. 3-Dimensions (– health, education, and standard of living: Each given equal weight)→ 12 Questions: nutrition, school attendance, years of schooling, drinking water, sanitation, housing, bank accounts etc. Result? Highest Poverty: 1) Bihar (52%) 2) Jharkhand (42%) and Uttar Pradesh (38%). Lowest Poverty? Kerala, Goa, and Sikkim (नीति आयोग का बहु आयामी ग़रीबी-निर्धनता सूचकांक। स्वास्थ्य शिक्षा और जीवन स्तर के तीन आयामों पर कुल मिलाकर 12 अलग अलग प्रश्नों के आधार पर लोगों की गरीबों को नापा जाए इसमें बिहार झारखंड और उत्तर प्रदेश में सबसे ज़्यादा प्रतिशत लोग गरीब/निर्धन है)
6HRD: Keywords for Children development (from TN Policy): malnutrition, anaemia, infant mortality rate, under 5 mortality rate, child sex ratio, full immunization, body mass index, gross enrolment ratio at high and higher secondary level, open defecation, child marriage, child labour, gender and social exclusion. etc, Benefit: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), 1989, National Policy for Children, 2013, the National Plan of Action 2016 and the UN document ‘Transforming our world, The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’. (बाल विकास के बारे में लिखना हो तो तमिलनाडु राज् की बाल विकास नीति से अलग अलग चिकने चुपड़े शब्द)
EcoPill6: HRD: Women Development- preventing child marriages: 😥 Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) by most states not helped much. Because, CCTs alone cannot change social norms. 🤔 Parents’ belief that girls need to marry early for safety and protection of family honour or economic burden need to change. 🤔 High levels of child marriage reflect lack of opportunities for women and girls in society. 🤔 Early marriage means Low domestic status of teenage wives she has long hours of domestic labour; poor nutrition and anaemia; social isolation; domestic violence; early childbearing- IMR,MMR⏫,few decision-making powers within the home. 🤔 Thus, The costs of child marriage include teenage pregnancy, population growth, child stunting, poor learning outcomes for children and the loss of women’s participation in the workforce. 🤔 Way Forward? 😍 Karnataka amended the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act in 2017, declaring every child marriage void ab initio, making it a cognisable offence, and introducing a minimum period of rigorous imprisonment for all who enable a child marriage. Same need to be replicated across India. 😍Setup network of residential schools, girls’ hostels, and public transport. 😍 Girls’ clubs should be systematically formed in high school to provide informal social networks for group study, solidarity, and resilience. 😍Teachers should hold regular gender equality conversations with high school girls and boys to shape progressive attitudes that will sustain into adulthood. (बाल विवाह क्यों ख़राब है और उसे कैसे रोका जाए। कुछ राज्य सरकारों द्वारा सशर्त नक़दी हस्तांतरण किया जाता है यदि बेटी का ब्याह 18 साल की उम्र से पहले न किया जाए हालाँकि इस प्रकार की योजनाएं ख़ास प्रभावी नहीं रही जब तक ग़रीब माँ बाप बेटी को बोझ समझें- वे जल्दी से उसे ब्याह देते है। बाल विवाह के चलते ने बेटी की पढ़ाई पर रुकावट कम उम्र में माँ बनना जिसके चलते माँ और बच्चे दोनों का स्वास्थ्य ख़राब होता है इस परिवार ने ऐसे ही अशिक्षित/नोकरी-हीन महिलाओं को घरेलू हिंसा और कुपोषण से जूझना पड़ता है। उपाय स्वरूप कर्नाटक राज्य सरकार ने जो सख़्त क़ानून बनाए हैं उसी को पूरे भारत में लागू किए जाएं-जिसमें बाल विवाह करवाने वाले व्यक्तियों पर दो साल की सज़ा अनिवार्य रूप से होती है। लड़कियों की शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य के लिए योजनाओं को प्रभावी रूप से लागू किया जाए शिक्षकों ने भी ध्यान देना चाहिए कि उनके क्लास मे पढ़ने वाली विद्यार्थिनीयों में से किसी का बाल विवाह हो रहा है तो पुलिस को सूचित करें।)

One Comment on “Current Affairs for UPSC: Economy banking and finance from November Week4: Digital Bank, inverted duty structure in GST, SDG Urban India Index & More”


Chandan Soni
01.19.2022 at 9:04 am

I am not actively preparing for UPSC but these notes are just stupendous and really helped me shape my mind as an informed citizen.

One Comment on “Current Affairs for UPSC: Economy banking and finance from November Week4: Digital Bank, inverted duty structure in GST, SDG Urban India Index & More”

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