- Prologue
- Constitutional provisions
- FR
- DPSP
- Duties
- 7th Schedule
- Bills/ Laws
- Policies
- Committees related to drugs
- Departments
- Yearbook (schemes)
- National rural health mission NRHM (2005)
- National Health Mission
- Family planning
- Population state/UT
- Government schemes for Family planning
- Vasectomy vs Tubectomy
- Contraceptives
- Mother and Child
- School health program
- SABLA
- Weekly Iron Folic acid supplementation (WIFS)
- ARSH
- Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
- Misc. programs/ initiatives
- Health Insurance for BPL
- Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
- Annual Health Survey
- AYUSH
- Sowa Rigpa
- Safety n Surveillance
- Funds
- Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)
- Swastha Bharat
Prologue
So far in the current affairs compilation
Persons in news, books, sports, Misc.GK | click me |
Defense, missiles | click me |
Sci-tech: Space tech, satellite launches | click me |
Sci-tech: Healthcare/ public health related | In this article (3 parts) |
Environment biodiversity | To be released |
Economy | To be released |
This series on Current affairs related to Public Health, contains three parts
- Part 1: Polity, laws, policies, bills, yearbook (schemes)+ any current affairs related to that.
- Part 2: Current affairs related to major diseases (AIDS, TB, Cancer, Heart), and other misc. science tech stuff from Hindu related to Healthcare. click me
- Part 3: Mock questions based on part 1+2. click me
Constitutional provisions
7th Schedule
List | Matter |
Union |
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State |
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Concurrent |
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Bills/ Laws
Draft National Health Bill 2009.
- It aims to provide “right to health” as a legal right.
- Regulations related to good treatment, emergency care, etc.
- No individual should be denied emergency treatment because of he doesn’t have the fees / cannot get police clearance.
- Compulsory for the hospitals to address patient complaints.
- patient has the right to know name of doctor / nurse involved in his treatment, summary of the treatment. He can also complaint for over-charging of fees.
- A body to enforce the right to health.
Transplantation of Human Organs (Amendment) Bill, 2009
- Originally the Act was made in 1994: Transplantation of Human organ Act, 1994
- It’ll rename that act to “Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act”.
- To regulate the removal, storage and transplantation of human organs and tissues.
- “near relative” can donate organ
- If the donor is not a “near relative” of the patient, then permission required from state Committee.
- Doctor has to inform and seek consent of donor
- Organ swapping allowed between a pair of donor-recipient. (e.g. family A has donor and willing recipient but their organs donot match medically then they can swap with another family B in similar situation IF donor from familyB’s organ is compatible with patient from family A and vice versa).
- Increased penalty for illegal organ removal and trade.
PCPNDT 2004
- Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic technique (PCPNDT)
- This act prohibits sex determination tests.
- Regulating the sale of ultrasound machines.
- Authorities can search, seizure and seal the machines and equipment of the clinics.
NCHRH Bill 2011
National Commission for Human Resources in Health (NCHRH) Bill
National Commission for Human Resources in Health (NCHRH) |
|
National Board for Health Education (NBHE) |
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National Evaluation and Assessment Council (NEAC) |
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Bill also provides for
- Setting up a fund to finance above bodies.
- Penalties for educational institutes if they run courses without permission etc.
Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare has rejected this bill in late 2012. WHY?
- The new regulatory body doesn’t have provides any representation to state governments. (Even when Health is state subject)= federalism ignored.
- Members will not be elected but nominated = democracy ignored.
Draft Mental Healthcare bill, 2012
- Provides the mental patients with right to treatment, information, Confidentiality. Legal aid etc.
- Provision for regulatory bodies at national and state level to enforce these rights.
- No punishment for Suicide Attempt
- Registration of mental healthcare establishments.
Draft DNA profiling Bill, 2012
- provides for a national database of DNA profiles. This database will be used for
- crime detection
- as an evidence in judicial proceedings
more details in old article click me
Policies
National Population Policy 2000 (NPP)
Short term |
|
Medium term |
|
Long term |
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To achieve above things, NPP policy formed National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010.
- Reduce IMR, MMR, school dropouts
- Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases.
- Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age 18 and preferably after 20 years of age.
- Achieve 80 percent institutional deliveries and 100 percent deliveries by trained persons.
- Provide contraceptives, counseling for family planning.
- 100 per cent registration of births, deaths, marriage and pregnancy.
- Reduce the spread of STD, HIV, communicable diseases.
National Blood Policy, 2002
- National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC) shall be the policy formulating apex body. NACO will give them money.
- Similarly bodies @State/UT level
- Drugs Controller General India will enforce the standards for blood products.
- Trading in blood i.e. Sale & purchase of blood shall be prohibited.
- All blood centres shall adhere to guidelines given by Health ministry
- Each blood centre shall create and update a blood donor’s directory which shall be kept confidential.
- awareness, education, motivation to promote blood donation
- strengthen manpower, encourage research –development, NGO involvement and other filler points.
Drugs & Cosmetics Act provides mandatory testing of blood for five major infections viz. HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis & Malaria. Every unit of blood is tested for all these infections.
National Policy on NDPS 2012
- NDPS= Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
- drafted by the Ministry of Finance (and not health ministry)
- private sector may be allowed production of alkaloids (medical compounds) from opium.
- At present alkaloids from opium are produced only in Government Opium and Alkaloid Factories
- Policy also aims to reduce
Reduce | By |
supply of narcotic drugs |
|
demand for narcotic drugs |
|
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy (NPPP) 2012
1962 | Government started drug price control after China war |
2004 | Drug policy |
2012 | New pharmaceutical pricing policy. |
- At present, the government through the National Pharmaceutical Pricing authority (NPPA) controls prices of 74 bulk drugs and their formulations.
- With this new policy, 348 essential drugs will be put under price control.
Committees related to drugs
Mashelkar | Drugs Regulatory System, spurious drugs. |
Pranab Sen | Drug pricing |
Departments
Health ministry has only four departments
- Health And Family Welfare
- AYUSH
- Health research
- AIDS control
Department of Pharmaceuticals falls under Chemical and fertilizer ministry (and not under Health ministry).
Yearbook (schemes)
Note: in part 1, we’ll only see general schemes. Specific disease related schemes/current affairs given in part 2.
National rural health mission NRHM (2005)
- Decentralized health delivery system in rural areas via ASHA workers, PRI, NGO, AYUSH paramedics etc.
- Provide Better infrastructure, availability of manpower, drugs and equipment etc.
- It has many components: e.g. Janani Suraksha Yojana, Vector borne disease control, Leprosy eradication, revised TB control, Blindness and Iodine deficiency.
National Health Mission
- In his 15th August speech, Mohan had said that National Rural Health Mission will be converted into a National Health Mission (NHM).
- National Health Mission would cover all villages and towns in the country.
ASHA worker
Every village/large habitat has a female Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) – chosen by and accountable to the Panchayat- to act as the interface between the community and the public health system.
She is given a Drug Kit containing generic AYUSH and allopathic drugsfor common ailments. She also works for family planning, TB control etc. (and earns Commission).
Family planning
- Started in 1952
- Aim: reduce birth-rate to stabilize population at a level that is consistent with the requirements of economy. (Besides family planning is also necessary to stop the ridiculously high level of competition in every exam e.g. 17 Lakh people applied in SBI PO 2013 – for just 1500 vacancies.)
India % land in the world | 2.4% |
India % population of the world | 17.5% |
Population as per 2011 census | 1.21 billion |
Population state/UT
Top 3 |
Bottom 3 |
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States | UT | States | UT |
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above Data based on page 130, Ch.14, Economic Survey 2012-13
Sex Ratio: 2001 vs 2011
year | 2001 | 2011 |
0-6 | 927 | 914 (decreased) |
overall | 933 | 940 (increased) |
Sex Ratio: Highest Lowest (Census 2011)
Top 3 (Highest) |
Bottom 3 (lowest) |
||
States | UT | States | UT |
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Sex ratio (Census 2011): Some points
- Child sex ratio (0-6) is lowest since independence. Only 914 female/1000 males.
- From 2001 to 2011, sex ratio decreased for these states: JK, Guj, Bihar, Uttarakhand
- Punjab and Haryana : sex ratio has increased from 2001 to 2011. (can be used for MCQ, because many candidates would “guess” that sex ratio would have decreased for Haryana from 2001 to 2011.)
Government schemes for Family planning
In villages, ASHA worker gets commi$$ion for
- Delivering contraceptives at doorstep
- Promoting couples to have time gap between two kids.
- Promoting institutional delivery for pregnant women.
- Encouraging couples to opt for permanent family planning (vasectomy, tubectomy.)
Plus,
- National family planning insurance scheme: it provides money to if person dies during vasectomy / tubectomy or if the surgery fails or some complication arises.
Vasectomy vs Tubectomy
Vasectomy |
Tubectomy |
Males | Females |
vasectomy will take only few minutes. It does not require hospitalization | Lengthy surgery |
Any plain MBBS with simple three-day training can do it. | tubectomy is done with the help of a laproscope, which means that only an expert and experienced doctor can do the job. |
None | Risk of infections and menstrual complications like excessive bleeding and pain in the abdomen. |
Men can go back to work immediately. | One month’s rest necessary |
Issue: in rural areas, men force their wives to undergo tubectomy, rather than going through vasectomy themselves.
Because of two myths, that after vasectomy
- Man loses libido after vasectomy
- Man will not be able to do strenuous work or lift heavy objects.
Contraceptives
KATNAL
- Today Males have only two reliable birth control methods: 1) Condoms 2) Vasectomy. (male birth control pills haven’t picked up popularity yet).
- Katnal is the gene responsible for sperm development.
- Now scientists are working to design a birth control pill for men, that can control this Katnal gene.
Mother and Child
First some stats:
Item | All India (approx.) | Highest | Lowest |
Life Expectancy @Birth | 66 | Kerala, Maha, Punjab | Assam,MP,UP |
Infant Mortality | 44 | MP, UP, Odisha | Manipur, Goa,Kerala |
Birth Rate | 22 | MP,UP,Odisha | Kerala, TN, Punjab |
Death Rate | 7 | MP,Odisha,Assam | West Bengal,Maharashtra, Haryana |
Data based on Page 124 and 128, Ch.14, Economic Survey 2012-13
If you’re facing any interview soon, do look at mugup the numbers for you state.
Definitions
*Data Based on Page 228, Ch.13 of Economic Survey 2012-13.
Millennium Development goals (MDG): Health
- These eight goals are setup by United Nations.
- Member countries adopted these goals during the U.N. Millennium Summit, 2000
- These goals are to be achieved by 2015.
Goal No. | What |
1 | Poverty and hunger |
2 | primary education |
3 | Women empowerment |
4 | Reduce Child Mortality (27/1000 for India) |
5 | Maternal health (109/1 lakh live births for India) |
6 | HIV, TB, Malaria etc. |
7 | environmental sustainability |
8 | global partnership for development |
Health Targets: Five Year plans
Health Targets | 11th FYP | Right now | 12th FYP |
IMR /1000 | 28 | 44 | 25 |
MMR/1 lakh | 100 | 212 | 100 |
TFR | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Reduce malnutrition in Children (0-3 age) | Yes | Not good | Yes |
Reduce anaemia in females by 50% | Yes | Not good | same |
Increase sex ratio (0-6 age) | 935 by 2011 and 950 by 2016 | 914 | 950 |
12th Five year plan also talks about
- Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
- Prevent and reduce Communicable and Non-Communicable diseases (including mental illnesses)
- Reduction of poor households’ out-of-pocket expenditure. (meaning State should give out more free medical services to them).
- A large expansion of medical schools, nursing colleges.
- And many other things, I suggest you read third PDF, Chapter 20 (Health) of 12th FYP after prelim/CSAT is over.
Janani Suraksha Yojana
- Under National rural health mission
- Promote institutional (hospital) delivery among poor pregnant women
- 100% centrally sponsored
Janani Shishu Suraksha Yojana
- Pregnant women get free hospital delivery, caesarean section, food, drugs, medical checkup and transport.
Mother and Child Tracking system
- Under national E-governance plan (NeGP)
- Government keeps maintains data of the mothers with their addresses, telephone numbers, etc.
- This contact database is used for ante-natal (before birth) and post-natal (immediately after birth) check-up of mothers and vaccination for their babies.
- Another similar project is Health Management Information System (HMIS): software for online data capture at district level, regarding reproductive and child health (RCH).
Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK)
- To train heathcare personnel for taking care of infants: hypothermia, infection, premature birth, pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, resuscitation etc.
- Setup new-born care units at district level hospitals.
- Started in 2005 to to reduce Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) from to 30 by the year 2012.
Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY)
- Launched by Women and Child Development Ministry (and NOT by Health Ministry)
- To compensate mothers for wage-loss during childbirth and childcare.
- Available to all women for first two children.
- Not available to women who get paid maternity leave.
- Conditional cash transfer.
- Condition: she should get pre-natal checkups, get vaccination for infant, attend counseling session etc.
- The scheme is now covered under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) programme
Challanges
- Bogus Beneficiaries: A woman usually gives birth to a baby after nine months of pregnancy, but in Bihar almost 300 women claim to have delivered two to five children in a span of 60 days- as per the Government records!= bogus beneficiaries, local official chowing down the Government money.
- NRHM scam: worth thousands of crores rupees in Uttar Pradesh. Two chief medical officers died (or murdered) to keep a lid on the scam.
- Crib deaths: many infants died in the Government hospitals of West Bengal in 2012. Reason: they were already under-weight and got infection due to unhygienic condition in the Government hospitals. + manpower shortage
- Encephalitis: Hundreds of children died in Uttar Pradesh due to Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES). National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) concluded that Government’s casual approach was responsible for widespread deaths.
Rajiv Gandhi Crèche
- Scheme for the Children of Working/Ailing Mothers:
- Basically NGOs given money to setup crèche for working women
- Condition: family’s monthly income < 12k, and kid is within 0-6 age group
School health program
- Medical checkup
- Nutrition, iron supplements.
SABLA
- Man, this SABLA is getting too clichéd for MCQs.
- Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)-Sabla:
- all-round development of adolescent girls in the age group 11-18 years.
- The scheme has two major components, 1) nutrition and 2) non-nutrition.
#1: Nutrition | Girls are given ‘take home rations’ or ‘hot cooked meals’ to out-of –school. |
#2: Non-Nutrition | provided iron-folic acid supplementation, health check-up, health and skill education, vocational training etc. |
Weekly Iron Folic acid supplementation (WIFS)
- To reduce Anemia in adolescents (age group 15 to 19)
- In both rural and urban areas.
- Pills for iron and folic acid given to boys (only school going)
- Girls (both school going girls + not school going girls)
ARSH
- Adolescent reproductive and sexual health
- Adolescent are more vulnerable to sex-abuse, STD, HIV, pregnancy.
- Government launched toll free helpline, tele-counciling for them
- +life skill education programs.
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
It has two objectives
#1: set up 8 new AIIMS-like institutions
- Bihar (Patna),
- Chattisgarh (Raipur),
- Rajasthan (Jodhpur)
- Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal),
- Orissa (Bhubaneswar),
- Uttaranchal (Rishikesh)
- West Bengal
- Uttar Pradesh
- Some books/ magazines / sites/ coaching material would say : PMSSY = 6 new AIIMs like institutions.
- But that information is outdated. Originally there were six, later Government added WB and UP.
#2: upgrade existing Medical colleges in several states.
Now steering committee on health for 12th Five Year Plan has recommended the Union government to create four new AIIMS like institutions
Misc. programs/ initiatives
- Truma centers on national highways
- National programs for fluorosis, deafness, elderly , tobacco, mental health etc.
Health Insurance for BPL
What? | Falls under this ministry |
Health Insurance Scheme for BPL | Health |
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yohana | Labour |
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (Rsby)
- RSBY provides for ‘cash-less’, smart card based health insurance cover
- Upto Rs.30000k per annum
- For family upto 5 members.
- The beneficiary family pays only 30 per annum as registration/renewal fee.
- The scheme covers hospitalisation expenses (Out-patient expenses are not covered),
- includes maternity benefit, and pre-existing diseases.
- Even in private clinics.
- Funding: centre –state=75:25 and 90:10 for Jammu Kashmir and North-East.
- RSBY was originally limited to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families but was later extended to building and other construction workers, MGNREGA beneficiaries, street vendors, beedi workers, and domestic workers.
- In Budget 2013, Chindu extended this scheme to rickshaw, auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers, sanitation workers, rag pickers and mine workers.
Annual Health Survey
- To prepare district health profile including IMR, TFR etc.
- Done by Registrar General of India for Health Ministry.
AYUSH
- A=Ayurveda
- Y=Yoga and Naturopathy
- U=Unani
- S=Siddha
- H=Homeopathy
Sowa Rigpa
- Latest addition in AYUSH system.
- ancient Tibetan medicinal system
- believed to have been taught by Buddha himself – Sowa Rigpa
- commonly known as Amchi system
- popular in the Himalayan region of India. Also in Tibet, Magnolia, Bhutan, some parts of China, Nepal.
- it is similar to Ayurveda, and also include few principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
AYUSH Regulation
- Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy drugs are regulated under Drug and cosmetics Act 1940.
- Most of these drugs are manufactured from medicinal plant material, hence AYUSH department setup National medicinal plants board to regulate it.
Safety n Surveillance
FSSAI | Food safety standard authority of India
|
CDSCO | Central Drug standard control organization
|
Pharmacoviligance program |
|
Whistleblower for spurious drugs |
|
Airport/ Port Health organizations |
|
Integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP) |
|
Funds
RAN | Rastriya Arogya Nidhi
|
Health Minister’s Cancer patient fund |
|
Health Minister’s discretionary grant | Max Rs.50k
|
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)
- RSBY provides for ‘cash-less’, smart card based health insurance cover
- Upto Rs.30000k per annum
- For family upto 5 members.
- The beneficiary family pays only 30 per annum as registration/renewal fee.
- The scheme covers hospitalisation expenses (Out-patient expenses are not covered),
- includes maternity benefit, and pre-existing diseases.
- Funding: centre –state=75:25 and 90:10 for Jammu Kashmir and North-East.
- RSBY was originally limited to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families but was later extended to building and other construction workers, MGNREGA beneficiaries, street vendors, beedi workers, and domestic workers.
- In Budget 2013, Chindu extended this scheme to rickshaw, auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers, sanitation workers, rag pickers and mine workers.
Swastha Bharat
- Health program on doordarshan and all India radio.
- World’s Biggest Public Health Media Initiative
- Shown 5 days — a week in 19 Indian languages and 17 Dialects
- Supported by Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
This concludes first part. Here are the links to next parts
In the third and last part, we’ll see the mock questions from part 1 and 2.
For more science-tech, public health, space tech and defense related current affairs, visit Mrunal.org/snt
Birth rate highest UP
Death rate highest Odisha
m nt able to get content on public health sir.help
thank u sir
how to save this article in pdf form? I am getting only the print option. Plz help.
@ Mrunal under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana section
2 new AIIMS will come up at Rae Bareli in Uttar Pradesh and Raiganj in West Bengal In Phase II of PMSSY.
source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=92045
means currently only 6 are in pipeline.
hi mrunal,
What do you mean by Mohan in his august 15th speech — don’t mind that am saying like this — I feel that you don’t have the age which is not more than a third of his experience to comment him as Mohan , write ManMohanSingh — Fundamental Duty ;
any resemblence ith any dead or alive thing is mere a coincident , ballu mrunal bhai is not talking abt mr. Pm. He is tlking abt our comic character (mohan, chindu, ranga, pranab) this all are not respected dignitry. It is only for our intrest.
One more thing-
“If you are not idealist in your 20’s then you dont hav heart, but if you are idealist in your 40’s you dont hv brain” – lord bernad shah
Dont know if Manmohan deserves respect or not but Mrunal Sure does for his blunt style of writing and frank answers. By making this a debate forum it serves no purpose.
Nahi nahi mohan too deserve respect,
Thank u sir !
Clorinr is responsible for ozone deplition..when cl react with ozone it form some monoxide of cl and some oxide of nitrogen .now this oxide of nitogen however protect ozone to some extent.but in pole=more cold & verticle movement of air = oxide of nitrogen get freez and form cloud, so the guy who was saviour has himself become culfi, this is the reason. Ozone is measured in march in northeren hemisphere and oct in southern hemisphere (in both the cases , after winter)
thanks a lot its very much important for all competitive exams …..
thank you
Hi Mrunal/All,
Could someone please tell me what is the full form of FP and DPSP under constitutional rights in this article.
Regards
Funadamental rights and Directive priciples of state policy
Cheers Aamir.
DPSP=directive principles of state policy
FR=fundamental rights
Got ’em! Thanks Mrunal.
Dear Mrunal,
Can you please tell me about the coverage of your Science tech articles. I mean to say what resources have you covered so far. I suppose you have done the whole of The Hindu. If not, do tell me because I rely heavily on your blog. Apart from The Hindu what other resources can we explore. Secondly, what should be the strategy for Science tech part in the new syllabus. When do you plan to give us something on indigenous technology. Any standard book for Science tech that you would like to suggest. Expecting an early reply.
Regard Big Brother.
Abhishek
The archive of Sci-Tech articles is available on mrunal.org/snt
Apart from The Hindu what other resources can we explore.
It depends on the nature of topic. For Novartis patent or Angeline Jolie, I used other IE, BBC and websites as well.
very good collection about health policies
Dear Madam,
Please explain what is BASEL III… Thank you.
Total Fertility Rate(TFR)= “AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN” born to a woman during her entire reproductive period, then how this no. is in decimal? (y not an integer)
Mrunal Bhai NPPP is proposed by Min. of Health but this department falls under Min of Chem and Fertilizers. Why ?
Because all pharmaceutical companies are chemical companies …and Ministry of Health is not better equipped to handle all the problems that are faced by these companies . Actually ministry of health has nothing to do with manufacturing neither of medicines nor of medical equipment .
Because all pharmaceutical companies are chemical companies …and Ministry of Health is not better equipped to handle all the problems that are faced by these companies . Actually ministry of health has nothing to do with manufacturing neither of medicines nor of medical equipment .
thank you verymuch sir it is very usefull for mee, thank you once again.
This article may be applying as easily. australian online pokies But to real turn the call for butter and jelly or some other – something you did last weekend. The loose Online Pokies’s many accommodations in Orlando.
notes
nice notes
nice notes great go ahead
Sir mujhe ye notes hindi me chahiye.pls send urgent .mera papr h 2 jan 2015.plssssssssss.
Please post answers to Mock questions given here https://mrunalmanage.wpcomstaging.com/2013/04/public-health-current-affairs-2012-13-mock-questions-part-3-of-3.html
Sir, Please upload study plan for APFC
Hello,
Could you please upload the updated versions of such current affairs for PRE-2016?