- What is IRNSS?
- 7 Satellites of IRNSS
- IRNSS-C launch
- Benefits of IRNSS Desi-GPS system?
- Why waste money building Desi GPS?
- GAGAN
- Appendix1: IRNSS-Scientific principle
- Appendix 2: Russian GLONASS
What is IRNSS?
- Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).
- 2006: Government approved project with ~Rs.1500 crores.
- American Global positioning system has 24 orbiting satellites, a global network of ground stations. Thus GPS covers every part of the world.
- But, given this small budget, it is beyond ISRO’s aukaat to maintain 24 satellites to cover entire globe,
- Therefore, our Desi GPS will use just seven satellites, and try to cover India + 1,500 km beyond its borders.
- HQ: ISRO Navigation Centre at Byalalu, near Bangalore. It’ll control this system.
- All seven IRNSS satellites will be at a height of about 36,000 km, taking a whole day to circle the Earth.
- In future, we can add more satellites to increase coverage surrounding India. and with God willing, one day 25-30 satellites to cover entire earth, just like American-GPS.
So far 3 out 7 satellites launched
IRNSS-A | IRNSS-B | IRNSS-C | |
---|---|---|---|
When | Jul. 2013 | April 2014 | Oct. 2014 |
Where | Satish Dawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra | ||
Using PSLV* | C22 | C24 | C26 |
*PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch vehicle.
IRNSS-C launch
(Mains-GS3) Q.Write a shortnote on the importance of IRNSS-C satellite launch 100 words.
WHEN? | October 2014. Hence the need for publishing this stupid article. |
WHERE? | Satish Dawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. |
HOW? | using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV C26) |
What? |
|
In next two years, remaining satellites will be launch, and Desi-GPS system will become operational.
Benefits of IRNSS Desi-GPS system?
(Mains-GS3) Discuss the benefits of IRNSS system 200 words.
Two services | IRNSS will offer two services:
|
Accuracy | American GPS: 15 metersOur IRNSS: 20 meters. |
Equipment |
|
- Will serve both civil and military users.
- Will provide time-location coordinates on land, sea and air.
- Cell phone apps- for mapping, driving, hiking in jungle and remote areas. And if you use it with Idea-internet then rickshaw-walla can’t make you ‘ullu’.
- Forest department: Putting out wildfire, tracking endangered animals.
- Fleet Management e.g. taxi or truck company can monitor whether their driver is on right path or not.
- Disaster Management.
- During war: naval fleet Management, missile navigation etc.
Why waste money building Desi GPS?
Interview question: Why should Indian Government waste money on IRNSS? Why not simply use American GPS at a fraction of that cost?
At present only three countries have fully functional global navigation systems. (EU’s Galileo system yet to become fully operational)
USA | GPS |
Russia | GLONASS (more under appendix) |
China | Beidou |
- To deploy a global navigation system, you need to setup lots of satellites hovering around the world, so they can scan and sent pinpoint location of anywhere to anywhere.
- During the Iraq war, the Americans sent wrong GPS signals to the Iraqi jets and missiles, therefore Iraqis could not attack Americans forces in a precise manner.
- Moral of the story = Don’t rely on other people’s navigation system.
- For the short term, We (India) have designed our missiles and fighter jets to can use both GPS (American) and GLONASS (Russian) signals for navigation.
- So if we want to attack America or its ally Pakistan, we can rely on GLONASS
- And if we want to attack Russia or its ally China, we can rely on American GPS.
- But for long term, we will need our own Desi-GPS system.
- Same reason why we need Anti-satellite missiles, to shoot down videsi-GPS systems during war.
GAGAN
(Mains-GS3) Write a short note on GAGAN system. 100 words
- ‘Global Positioning System Aided Geo Augmented Navigation System (GAGAN) for civil aviation purposes.
- GPS aided geo augmented navigation’ (gagan)
- It is a joint effort by the ISRO and the Airports Authority Of India (AAI).
- It’s main use is to help Air traffic control and helps pilots fly / land aircrafts in bad weather.
- But as the name suggests “GPS aided …” meaning it is not a separate independent navigation system.
- It depends on GPS (American navigation system). Therefore we need IRNSS for long term solution.
Appendix1: IRNSS-Scientific principle
Since IRNSS project will still take two years to complete= Topic remains important for scientific principle MCQs in CSAT prelim 2015, 2016 and even 2017 (because even in 2017, Hindu will keep doing “mahimaa-gaan” every once in a while). So, let’s finish the scientific principle once and for all.
Microwaves: how they help in GPSing?
- IRNSS satellites use two microwave frequency bands: L5 and S.
- These microwaves travel at speed of light.
- Your receiver (the GPS-like gadget) will calculate the delay between microwave’s transmission and its reception = thus you get coordinates on earth.
Atomic Clocks
- For above microwave-calculation, Navigation satellites have to periodically transmit their precise position in orbit with exact time.
- For this, we can’t fit Timex or Sonata watches in the satellite. They need to carry extremely accurate clocks with long shelf-life.
- Therefore, Each IRNSS satellite is equipped with rubidium atomic clocks, to keep precise time.
Appendix2: Russian GLONASS
This is an old topic from 2012. Dead horse resurrects because of IRSNSS.
MCQs relevance: similarities and differences between American GPS, GLONASS and IRNSS.
- Glonass is Russia’s Global Navigation Satellite System.
- It provides location and time information anywhere in the planet.
- Glonass is an alternative to the U.S.-controlled Global Positioning System (GPS).
- 2012: Mohan-Putin signed agreement for use of GLONASS.
- GLONASS navigation system will allow Indian missiles, to strike within half a metre of distant targets= very accurate.
- GLONASS is fitted on Nuclear submarine Chakra= killer combo.
Civilian use |
|
Commercial use |
|
Can someone, Please provide me with the list of topics for “post independence part”. because reading the whole book or even a part seems to be unwise at this point of time. Thanks in advance.
hi Anand….
integration of princly states
reorgn of states
issue of national language
fight against untouchability
environmental policy
economic policy
land reforms
development/ progressive science
tribal policy
foreign policy of independent india
political parties
are some of the important topics…..
Thank you Nikhil. fight against Untouchability – could you please provide a little insight about this with example. Thank you in advance. By the way, are you preparing for this year mains exam?
yes me too preparing for mains….
I am history as my optional…
FIGHT AGAINST UNTOUCHABILITY
A 17
1955 untouchability (offences) act
1977 PCRA(protection of civil rights act)
social issues
are you from medak, Telangana???????????
correction
yes me too preparing for mains….
I am having history as my optional…it is a part of our syllabus….
important topics to cover-
FIGHT AGAINST UNTOUCHABILITY
A 17
1955 untouchability (offences) act
1977 PCRA(protection of civil rights act)
social issues
various organisations to safeguard their interest..
are you from medak, Telangana???????????
hi nikhil i am also having history as optional could u provide suggeste d booklist for paper1,i n 2015 Aspirant mail.me at santhanakumar1988@gmail.com
Hai Nikhil,
No. i am from Tamilnudu just little south of Pondicherry.
i am having Geography as my optional.
i am covering GS papers one by one and paper 2 is ending with these topics may be by tomorrow. then i am moving next GS paper. if you are quite interested in sharring information, this is my email id ananddoss2004@gmail.com and you can put it on facebook search too to get my ID. keep going – regards, Anand.
I am sorry my friend, my comment is awaiting moderation which i don’t understand why. so i am texting once again.
no, i am from Tamilnadu little south of Pondicherry.
right now, i am covering GS 2 paper ie history,geography.. planning to finish by today. only the post independence part is left which is why i asked if i miss anything. your reply is of great value for me and a dozen thanks for that. if you wish to join further communication, this is my email id ananddoss2004@gmail.com and you can put it on facebook search too, you will exactly find me. Happy Diwali and keep studying – regards, Anand.
i am sorry my friend but every of my reply is awaiting moderation. so texting it short
No, i am from Tamilnadu. i am going through the last part of GS 2 ie Post independence part. Geography is my optional. thank you for your reply and it is of great value for me. wish you a happy Diwali and keep studying – regards, Anand
RESPECTED SIR, I hav a problem regarding stamp on omr sheet. .I gave
exam on 19/10/2014 ..on sunday. the examiner told me that their is no
stamp on your omr sheet. and after discusing with other teachers, he gav
me omr sheet and question booklet of the student was absent 4-5 bench
ahead to me. I filled all my correct details on that omr sheet, and while
taking attendance examiner took my signature on infront of my ticket no.
sir my question is ..wil I be considered present? I am at no fault on this.
all this happened bcoz there was not stamp on my omr sheet. kindly need
your reply..
Hi friends wish you all a happy diwali.And for our chief mentor mrunal sir i wish you a happy diwali sir
Mrunal sir/frds,
I want to take loan for IAS coaching so any one know is there any scheme for tht means provide at less interest rate or any other? If have any idea then pls suggest me.
mrunal sir…plz suggest the books for compulsory language paper telugu ?
Mrunal….
plz analyze ssc cgl 2014 questions held on 19 oct.
plz we are waiting….
sir plzz give information about anti satellite missile.kitni countries k paas h?aur kaun si develop kar rhi h now a dayzz??
another brilliant article , brilliantly conceptualized…. thanks mrunal and shivaram
It seems Beidou doesnt have global coverage yet. Please confirm me!!!!
hello sir, whatever articles you are posting, it’s absolutely brilliant but, my request is to keep a continuity up to the CS prelim exam [august 2015].
Plz send the updated detail of science
Thank you…..
One year and I am still here. :-(
Minimum no. of satellites to cover entire earth=3 (Height and angle think yourself)
Minimum no. of satellites to triangulate position=4
Why time is needed? The difference in time expected and arrival time tells about the elevation of place.(Microwave travels at speed of light, distance is fixed at 36,000km so difference tells elevation). GPS will even work with 3 locked satellites. Then why the hell 24? To cover entire Earth.
Geostationary Orbit (GEO) If we need a satellite for the purpose which needs this satellites to remain at a particular distance from earth at all the time, then we need circular orbits so all the points on circular orbit are at equal distance from earth’s surface. its angular velocity is equal to earth’s angular velocity, the satellite is said to be moving along with the earth. This satellite would appear stationary from the earth and this orbit would be called Geostationary Orbit.
Features of geostationary satellite The orbit is circular The orbit is in equatorial plane i.e. directly above the equator and thus inclination is zero. The angular velocity of the satellite is equal to angular velocity of earth Period of revolution is equal to period of rotation of earth. Finish one revolution around the earth in exactly one day i.e. 23 hours, 56 Minutes and 4.1 seconds
There is ONLY one geostationary orbit.
Geosynchronous Orbit – Sometimes we send a satellite in the space which though has a period of revolution is equal to period of rotation of earth, but its orbit is neither equatorial nor Circular. So, this satellite will finish one revolution around the earth in exactly one day i.e. 23 hours, 56 Minutes and 4.1 seconds, yet it does NOT appear stationary from the earth. The angular velocity of the satellite is equal to angular velocity of earth Period of revolution is equal to period of rotation of earth. Finish one revolution around the earth in exactly one day i.e. 23 hours, 56 Minutes and 4.1 seconds There are many geosynchronous orbits.
it is practically NOT possible to achieve an absolute geostationary orbit.
Advantages of GEO satellites Most communications satellites in use today for commercial purposes are placed in the geostationary orbit, because one satellite can cover almost 1/3 of Earth’s surface, offering a reach far more extensive than what any terrestrial network can achieve.
The geosynchronous satellites remain stationary over the same orbital location, users can point their satellite dishes in the right direction, without costly tracking activities, making communications reliable and secure GEO satellites are proven, reliable and secure – with a lifespan of 10-15 years.
GEO systems have significantly greater available bandwidth than the Low Earth Orbit -LEO and Medium Earth Orbit -MEO systems.
Because of their capacity and configuration, GEOs are often more cost-effective for carrying high-volume traffic, especially over long-term contract arrangements.
Disadvantages of GEO Satellites GEO systems, like all other satellite systems, require line-of-sight communication paths between terrestrial antennae and the satellites. But, because GEO systems have fewer satellites and these are in a fixed location over the Earth, the opportunities for line of sight communication are fewer than for systems in which the satellites “travel” across the sky.
Polar Orbit, Sun synchronus, LEO,MEO.
please update https://mrunalmanage.wpcomstaging.com/2014/10/space-tech-irnss-indian-regional-navigation-satellite-system-features-benefits.html
I m Abhay first time here…got a lot of thing about IRNSS not only from the sir but also by the comments ,could come to know about a lot of things…
thank you…
hello sir …. what all topics to be covered for upsc capf …. not enough time to read whole book … plz info thankz
is anyone there writing zoology as optional in mains
Me